2003年考研英语阅览真题及解析【第二篇】(2003年考研英语阅读答案)

passage2?注解:标题为赤色,翻译为蓝色,分析为绿色。????????to paraphrase改述/意译?18th-century statesman edmund burke,all that is needed for the triumph成功 of a misguided cause作业 is that good people do nothing.one such cause now seeks to end【seeks to end去中止】 biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out【rule?out阻挡xxx发生】 their use in research. scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances前进,打开?in health knowledge and care.leaders of the animal rights movement target【把…作为方针】 biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. hearing allegations无根据的指控 of cruelty残暴 to animals in research settings环境, many are perplexed利诱?that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
????????for example,a grandmotherly woman staffing在..作业 an animal rights booth摆摊,货摊 at a recent street fair集市?was distributing a brochure宣传册 that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. asked if she opposed immunizations免疫接种, she wanted to know if vaccines疫苗 come from animal research.when assured that they do, she replied,then i would have to say yes【say yes根据语境就是对立】.asked what will happen when epidemics感患病 return回归, she said,such well-meaning【well-meaning好意的】 people just dont understand.
????????scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate有怜惜心的,understandable可以被了解的 way-in human terms术语=言语, not in the language of molecular biology【molecular biology分子生物学】. we need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip髋骨?replacement置换手术,a fathers bypass心脏搭桥手术?operation,a babys shots宠物打针. to those【to those标明关于这些人来说,后边用who定语从句润饰这些人】 who are unaware that animal research wa

s needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments医治办法?and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
????????much can be done【有许多作业可以做】. scientists could middle school classes and present their own research. they should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation误导信息 go unchallenged【未承受应战的,在这篇文章的意思是:未饱尝质疑的】 and acquire a deceptive哄人的 appearance of truth. research institutions机构 could be opened to tours【?be opened to tours对游客翻开】, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. finally, because the ultimate stakeholders【ultimate stakeholders最终的股东,也就是最终的值得讲话的人】?are patients, the health research community should actively recruit招募,建议 to its cause not only well-known personalities名人 such as stephen cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. if good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed不被奉告的(在这篇文章意思是:不明事理的)?citizenry全体市民 will extinguish暂停,暂停?the precious宝贵的 embers余火 of medical progress.
一、文章规划分析?
这是一篇关于保卫使用动物进行实验的文章,首要运用了引证、例子和推理等证明办法。
文章指出当前的疑问是许多动物权益维护者并不晓得生物医学的真实情况和意义,而一味地对立医学,使广大群众也遭到了隐瞒。关于这一点,作者指出科学家大约采纳办法与群许多交流,避免因为我们的无知而阻止生物医学的打开。
第一段:以艾德蒙·柏克的一句话为引子,指出:动物权力宣传者的言辞混杂了大众的视听,因而,科学家大约对动物权力宣传者做出强有力的回答。
第二段:运用典型事例,并加以分析,阐明一般人如何遭到动物权力宣传者的误导。
第三段:谈到科学家向大众论说动物实验的必要性。第一句话为本段主题句,使用说理的证明办法,阐明科学家大约采纳的情绪。
第四段:文章选用总一分一总的规划,段首为本段主题句,最终一句为总结。偏重介绍科学家应当如何与大众交流,以及经过这种交流可以避免发生的成果。
26. the author begins his article with edmund burkes words to.
[a] call on scientists to take some actions
[b] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
[c] warn of the doom of biomedical research
[d] show the triumph of the animal rights movement
26.作者在文章最初引证18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克的话的意图在于。
【a】呼吁科学家采纳行为
【b】批判动物权力运动这个被误导的作业
【c】警告生物医学研讨即将结束
【d】展示动物权力运动的成功
27. misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.
[a] cruel but natural
[b] inhuman and unacceptable
[c] inevitable but vicious
[d] pointless and wasteful
27.被误导的我们看待用动物做实验的情绪是。
【a】严格的,可是天然
【b】不人道的,不可以承受的
【c】不可以避免的,可是凶暴的
【d】无意义,浪费的
28. the example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics.
[a] discontent with animal research
[b] ignorance about medical science
[c] indifference to epidemics
[d] anxiety about animal rights
28.“老奶奶”这个比方被用来阐明大众对_____。
【a】动物实验的不满
【b】医学科学的无知
【c】瘟疫无视置之
【d】动物权力的担忧
29. the author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
[a] communicate more with the public
b] employ hi-tech means in research
[c] feel no shame for their cause
[d] strive to develop new cures
29.作者认为,在动物权力建议者的应战面前,科学家大约。
【a】科学家大约与大众更多交流
【b】在研讨顶用高科技办法
【c】无需对他们的作业感到羞耻
【d】尽力开发新的医治办法
30. from the text we learn that stephen cooper is.
[a]a well-known humanist
[b]a medical practitioner
[c] an enthusiast in animal rights
[d]a supporter of animal research
30.从文章供给的信息中推论斯蒂芬·库柏是。
【a】一个闻名的人文主义者
【b】一个医疗从业者
【c】一个动物权力热心者
【d】一个动物研讨的撑持者
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇?
(1)paraphrase(v.)阐释意义,改换遣词,说明
(2)cause(n.)缘由,致使某事发生的人或事,动机,理由;抱负,作业;(v.)致使,惹起,使(发生),促进
(3)biomedical(a.)生物医学的,bio-前缀意为“生物,生命”,如:bioaccumulation
有毒化学物质的生物体内堆集,bioactive生物活性的。
(4)rule out打扫在外,回绝,撤消
(5)advocate(n.)建议者,宣传者(v.)建议,宣传
(6)target(n.)方针,目标,靶子(v.)瞄准,把…作为方针/目标,定方针
(7)allegation(n.)主张,断语,声称,指控
(8)perplex(v.)使利诱,使隐晦,使凌乱化
(9)deliberately(ad.)沉思熟虑地,成心肠;deliberate(a.)沉思熟虑的,成心的
(10)grandmotherly(a.)(似)祖母的,慈祥的;-ly后缀一般放在名词后,标明…
性质的”,如:friend1y友爱的,homely家常的,亲热的
(11)staff(n.)全体职工,全体人员;棒,杖;参谋部;(v.)充当职工,聘任职工
(12)immunization(n.)免疫(作用);immune:(a.)免疫的,有免疫力的;不受影响的;清除的,豁免的;immunize(vt.)使免疫,是变成无害
(13)vaccine(n.)疫苗,菌苗;vaccination(n.)接种疫苗,种痘
(14)epidemic(a.)盛行性的,感染的;(n.)盛行病;传达
(15)compassionate(a.)富于怜惜心的,com-前缀意为“一起的”,词根?
(16)molecular(a.)分子的,molecule(n.)分子,小粒,一点儿
(17)bypass(n.)旁路,迂回的旁道;
外科手术顶用于使血液或其它体液绕过某一堵塞或病变了的器官的替换管,制替换管的进程
三、阅览答案:a b b a d
四、全文翻译:
? ? ? ? ?18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话,“一个被误导的作业假定要达到意图,专一需要的就是好人无所作为”。如今就有这样一个被误导的作业,它正在寻求中止生物医学的研讨,因为有一种理论说,动物有权力回绝被作为实验目标。科学家大约对动物权力宣传者做出强有力的回答,因为他们的言辞混杂了大众的视听,然后挟制到清洁常识和医疗的前进。动物权力运动的领导者将锋芒指向生物医学研讨,缘由在于它依靠公共资金的赞助,而且很稀有人懂得清洁医疗研讨的进程。当我们听到医学实验优待动物的指控时,许多人都不理解为啥有人会成心损伤动物。
????????例如,在近期的一次集市上,一位老奶奶站在动物权力宣传点前宣告小册子,奉劝我们不要运用动物制品和动物实验制品——包括肉类,毛皮和药物。当被问到她是不是对立免疫接种时,她问疫苗是不是来主动物实验。当被奉告的确如此,她答复道,“那么我不得不说,是的,我对立接种”。当被问到感患病迸发怎么办时,她说,“不必忧虑,科学家会找到一种办法,用核算机来处置疑问”。看,这样好意的我们就是不理解。
????????科学家有必要把他们的意思传达给大众,而且要运用有怜惜心和浅显易懂的言语,一般人可以理解的言语,而不要运用分子生物学的言语。咱们需要阐明动物实验与祖母的髋骨替换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的打针针剂都亲近有关。关于那些不理解获得这些新的医治办法和疫苗都有必要进行为物实验的人来说,动物实验说得好是浪费,说得不好是残暴。
????????有许多作业可以做。科学家可以进入大学课堂,展示他们的实验成果。他们大约对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应,以避免动物权力的误导语论在毫无质疑的情况下横行,然后获得一副真理的面庞。科研机构大约对外翻开,让人赏识,向我们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。最终,因为最有讲话权的是患者,医疗研讨机构不只大约活泼争夺斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的撑持逐个他对动物实验的价值英勇地进行了必定一—而且大约争夺一切承受医治的患者的撑持。假定好人无所作为,一群不明底细的大众真的有可以暂停医学前进的名贵火种。

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