2021年考研英语阅读真题精(一)text4(2021年考研英语一text1翻译)

2021年考研英语阅读真题精(一)text4
第四篇阅读取自：《洛杉矶时报》（los angeles times） 2019年10月2日
题目是：is net neutrality alive or dead? it’s hard to tell
?
?
一、听懂人话
36.?there has long been concern?that broadband providers would ______.（to do）
that引导同位语从句
37.?faced with the demand for net neutrality?rules, the fcc ______.（to do）
分词作状语，面对网络中立性规则的需求，说明36中concern 的同位语从句说的是宽带业务提供商对用户不公平。
neutrality中立。（net=not：tr=dr拽）（打架不拉偏）
?
38.?what can be learned about?at&t?from paragraph 3?（例证）
36,37定位前两段；百分之八十的可能推出文章的中心是“网络中立性规则”
?at&t与中立有关
?
39.?judge patricia millett argues that the appeals court’s decision?______.(例证)
jpm认为上诉法院的决定：应中立。38这个例证不中立。
40.?what does the author argue in the last paragraph?
与中立有关的只有a。
a. congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.
b. the fcc should be put under strict supervision.
c. rules need to be set to diversify online services.
d. broadband providers’ rights should be protected.
看到这个题目，我一惯倡导的方法：“听懂人话，跟着老大，顺藤摸瓜”。
首先听懂出题人问了什么，能听懂的只有从37中“面对对网络中立规则的需求”得知36中担心的内容是“不中立”；40. what does the author argue in the last paragraph?大概肯定?net neutrality.（网络中立）.net neutrality.是本文的老大。
二、“跟着老大，顺藤摸瓜”是必须遵守的。
36. there has long been?concern?that?broadband providers would ______.
a. bring web-based firms under control
b. slow down the traffic on their network
c. show partiality?in treating clients???(part+ial+ity)
d. intensify competition with their rivals
?partiality(part+ial+ity)特别喜爱，酷爱; 偏心
?
from the early days of broadband,?advocates for consumers and web-based?companies worried?that the cable and phone companies selling broadband internet connections had the power and incentive to favor?their own or their partners’ websites and services?over?those of their rivals. that’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers?from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation?that have been the lifeblood of the internet.
解析：方法1、从逻辑结构上看：that引导同位语从句：从句中没谓语，宾语。在37题中faced with the demand for net neutrality rules（面对对网络中立规则的需求）可知36中担心的是不中立，根据连续性可知：宽带供应商在对待客户时表现出偏袒。因此答案是c。
方法2：【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词concern 定位到第一段①句：from the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried?that?the cable and phone companies selling broadband internet connections had?the power and incentive to favor their own or their partners’ websites and services over those of their rivals，concern与worried对应，the cable and phone companies selling broadband internet connections与broadband providers对应。show partiality in treating clients(不公平对待客户)是对favor their own or their partners’ websites and services over those of their rivals(相对于竞争对手的网站和服务，它们偏袒自己或合作伙伴的)的合理推断。所以本题选c。
　从宽带的早期开始，针对消费者和基于web的公司的拥护者就开始担心，出售宽带连接的电缆和电话公司会拥有强大的能力和动机来偏爱附属网站而不是竞争对手。这就是为什么对规则的需求如此之大，这些规则将阻止宽带提供商在网上挑选赢家和输家，以保持自由和创新，而自由和创新一直是互联网的命脉。
incentive [?n?sent?v] n.动机; 刺激; (in=en使+cent唱歌+ive……的)
accent [??ksent]n.口音,腔调; 重音;(cent唱歌)
percent[p??s?nt]n.百分比;(cent =hundred)
advocate[??dv?ke?t] vt.提倡; 拥护; 鼓吹(ad加强; voc=voice;-ate人)
connect…to/with(nect=bind)
preserve [pr??z?:v] vt.保护; 保持，保存（pre=before;serv=serve/keep）
★rival[?ra?vl] n.对手; 竞争者;( riv=river+al人,)(河两岸的人为水而竟争)
innovation [??n??ve??n] n.改革，创新; 新观念(nov=new,)(in内+novate更新+ion后缀)
37. faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the fcc ______.
a. sticks to an out-of-date order坚持过去的条例。
b. takes an anti-regulatory stance采取反监管立场
c. has issued a special resolution已发布了一项特别决议
d. has allowed the states to intervene允许各州进行干预。
解析：方法1、从逻辑结构上看,本段的主旨?that demand has been almost impossible to fill。
fcc是阻止其实现。前面的看明白。后面?declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.either表并列。同前面fcc做的一切等同。
?
yet that demand has been almost imp

ossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. a federal appeals court weighed in again tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. at issue before the u.s. court of appeals for the district of columbia circuit was the latest take of the federal communications commission (fcc) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. the republican-penned order not only?eliminated?the strict net neutrality rules the fcc had adopted when it had a democratic majority in 2015, but rejected?the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything beyond disclosing information about their services. the order also?declared that state and local governments couldn’t??regulate broadband providers either.
eliminate [??l?m?ne?t] vt.排除，消除（e=out;limi门槛-ate 后缀。）
reject?[r??d?ekt]?vt.拒绝; 抛弃(re=again;ject=throw)?
decline ?[d??kla?n]?v.拒绝:谢绝
refuse ?[r??fju:z]拒绝;回绝
discard [d?s?kɑ:d]v.丢弃;抛弃(dis去掉+card纸片→把[废纸]扔掉→抛弃)
disclose [d?s?kl??z]v.揭露，泄露(dis分开,打开+clos关闭+e→把关的打开→揭发)
commission [k??m??n] n.委员会，委员(com=together; miss=send,- ion表名词)
regulate[?regjule?t] vt.调节，调整; 校准(regul=rule统治,规定+ate表动词)
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词the fcc定位到第二段③④句，不仅取消了严格的网络中立性规则，而且拒绝了该委员会要求宽带提供商除了披露其服务信息之外做其他任何事情的权力;⑤句补充指出：该规定还宣布州和地方政府也不能监管宽带提供商。综上可推知，fcc采取反监管立场。所以本题选b。
【注】本题也可借助第五段首句提到的the fcc’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality(fcc试图阻止所有关于网络中立性的州规)解题，据此推知fcc的立场是“反对监管”。
然而，几乎无法实现这一要求—–部分原因是宽带提供商，反监管保守派和法院的压制。联邦上诉法院在星期二再次作出决定，但没有提供急需的解决方案，反而延长了战斗的时间。美国上诉法院针对哥伦比亚特区巡回法院的问题是联邦通信委员会（fcc）对网络中立性的最新看法，该决定于2017年在党派在线投票中获得通过。共和党制定的命令不仅取消了严格的fcc在2015年获得民主党多数席位时采用了网络中立规则，但拒绝了该委员会要求宽带提供商做任何事情的权力。该命令还宣布，州和地方政府也不能监管宽带提供商。
38. what can be learned about at&t from paragraph 3?（）
a. it protects?against unfair competition.
b. it engages in anti-competitive practices.它从事反竞争的行为
c. it is under the fcc’s investigation.
d. it is in pursuit of quality service.
方法一、本题是例证题。由37可知，38是反派。故答案是b。再者本段老大the commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior，与b一致。
　　方法二：根据文章中的at＆t定位至第三段第一句，前半句其他机构将防范反竞争行为，例如at＆t之类的提供宽带的企业集团，可以清楚地认识到，at＆t就是前文中的其他机构，其中之一。它所做的事情就是防止反竞争行为，b选项进行进行了同义替换，故正确。
?
the commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior,?such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like at&t favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of netflix and apple tv. yet?the fcc also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on?their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.
protect against保护，保卫
该委员会认为，其他机构将保护自己免受反竞争行为的影响，比如像at&t这样的宽带供应商集团，以牺牲netflix和苹果电视为代价，支持自己的视频流媒体服务。 然而，fcc也结束了对宽带供应商的调查，这些供应商对竞争对手的流媒体服务施加了数据上限，但对他们自己的服务没有施加数据上限。
agency [?e?d??nsi] n.服务/代理/经销机构; （政府）专门机构;（ag=act）
fbl联邦调查局( federal bureau of investigation ?)
cia中央情报局( central intelligence agency)
investigation[?n?vest??ɡe??n]n.调查; 学术研究
?
?
39. judge patricia millett?argues that the appeals court’s decision ______.（细节）
a. focuses on trivialities
b. conveys an ambiguous message
c. is at odds with its earlier rulings
d. is out of touch with reality
?
on tuesday, the appeals court unanimously?upheld?the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a supreme court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. but judge patricia millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from?the realities of modern broadband service,” and said congress or the supreme court could intervene to “avoid trapping internet regulation in technological anachronism.
本段69个单词，有4个不超纲的超纲词，我们只能用词根词缀来理解。这在之前少有这过分的。
upheld?（ up向上）
unhinge?（un=not）
deregulate撤销对…的管制?de=away
unanimously（un=not）
这几个单词，知道它们前缀表示方向和性质便可。
unhinged from前面的动词不重要，是后面的from；
anachronism[??n?kr?n?z?m]n.时代错误; 不合时代的事（ana错+chron时间+ism状态→n.年代错误）
本题为细节题。根据题干关键词judge patricia millett定位到第四段②句：but judge patricia millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said…，结合①句(on tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order…)可知，引号中the result指代题干中的the appeals court’s decision。is out of touch with reality(脱离现实)是对is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service(脱离了现代宽带服务的现实)的同义替换。所以本题选d。
　周二，上诉法院一致维持了2017年解除宽带提供商管制的命令，援引最高法院2005年的裁决，维持了类似的放松管制措施。但是法官帕特里夏·米利特（patricia millett）表示赞同，认为“结果与现代宽带服务的现实无关”，并表示国会或最高法院可以进行干预，以“避免将互联网监管陷入技术过时的陷阱。”
?
in the meantime, the court threw out the fcc’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. that means more battles like the one now going on between the justice department and california, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the fcc’s abdication.
同时，法院否决了fcc试图阻止所有关于网络中立性的州规则，同时保留了该委员会优先于破坏其秩序的个别州法律的权力。这意味着更多的战斗，例如美国司法部和加利福尼亚之间正在进行的战斗，在fcc退位后制定了严格的网络中立法律。
?
40. what does the author argue in the last paragraph?
a. congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.
b. the fcc should be put under strict supervision.
c. rules need to be set to diversify online services.
d. broadband providers’ rights should be protected.
【解析】本题为推断题。根据the last paragraph定位到最后一段。本段首句指出“没完没了的法律斗争和联邦通信委员会的反反复复迫切需要国会采取行动”，第二句进一步介绍国会应采取的行动(句首it指代congress)：需要给予委员会明确的权力，一劳永逸地禁止宽带提供商干预其网络上的流量，并制定明确的规则来保护网络的开放性和创新。congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality(国会需要采取行动确保网络中立)是对本段内容的合理推断，其中take action与首句中act对应，to ensure net neutrality是对to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online的概括总结。所以本题选a。
the endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the fcc cry out for congress to act. it needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.　
无休止的法律斗争和在fcc上的来回呼声要求国会采取行动。它需要一劳永逸地赋予委员会明确的权力，以禁止宽带提供商干预其网络流量，并制定明确的规则来保护在线开放性和创新性。
　　【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词long been concern that broadband providers定位到第一段①句：from the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband internet connections had the power and incentive to favor their own or their partners’ websites and services over those of their rivals，题干中long与文中from the early days of broadband对应，concern与worried对应，the cable and phone companies selling broadband internet connections与broadband providers对应。show partiality in treating clients(不公平对待客户)是对favor their own or their partners’ websites and services over those of their rivals(相对于竞争对手的网站和服务，它们偏袒自己或合作伙伴的)的合理推断。所以本题选c。
37. 【答案】b(takes an anti-regulatory stance)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词neutrality rules和the fcc定位到第二段③④句，且由④⑤句the republican-penned order … the order also …可知，⑤句与④句并列。③句指出“在哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院问题的焦点是fcc针对网络中立性的最新观点”;④句阐释fcc的最新观点(其中句首the republican-penned order字面意思为“由共和党执笔的规定”，根据④句提到的when it had a democratic majority in 2015，即“2015年民主党人占fcc的多数”可推知，the republican-penned order出台时共和党人占fcc的多数，故the … order指代“fcc的规定”，也即③句所述fcc的最新观点)：不仅取消了严格的网络中立性规则，而且拒绝了该委员会要求宽带提供商除了披露其服务信息之外做其他任何事情的权力;⑤句补充指出：该规定还宣布州和地方政府也不能监管宽带提供商。综上可推知，fcc采取反监管立场。所以本题选b。
【注】本题也可借助第五段首句提到的the fcc’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality(fcc试图阻止所有关于网络中立性的州规)解题，据此推知fcc的立场是“反对监管”。
38. 【答案】b(it engages in anti-competitive practices.)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词at&t定位到第三段①句：the commission argued that the federal trade commission and the u.s. department of justice would protect consumers and websites against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like at&t favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of netflix and apple tv。由such as引出事例的功能可知，a broadband-providing conglomerate like at&t favoring its own video-streaming service…是以at&t为例，对anti-competitive behavior(反竞争行为)予以说明，因此可知at&t参与了反竞争行为。所以本题选b。
39. 【答案】d(is out of touch with reality)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词judge patricia millett定位到第四段②句：but judge patricia millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said…，结合①句(on tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order…)可知，引号中the result指代题干中的the appeals court’s decision。is out of touch with reality(脱离现实)是对is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service(脱离了现代宽带服务的现实)的同义替换。所以本题选d。
40. 【答案】a(congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.)
【解析】本题为推断题。根据the last paragraph定位到最后一段。本段首句指出“没完没了的法律斗争和联邦通信委员会的反反复复迫切需要国会采取行动”，第二句进一步介绍国会应采取的行动(句首it指代congress)：需要给予委员会明确的权力，一劳永逸地禁止宽带提供商干预其网络上的流量，并制定明确的规则来保护网络的开放性和创新。congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality(国会需要采取行动确保网络中立)是对本段内容的合理推断，其中take action与首句中act对应，to ensure net neutrality是对to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online的概括总结。所以本题选a。
?