考研英语长难句每日一练(4)(考研英语长难句每日几句比较好)

successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. (2021年英语一text1)
一、 中心词汇
successive?????? adj.? 接连的;接连的
run??????????????? v.???? 运营;常规
ground?????????? n.??? 理由;根据(on the grounds/be grounds for)
borne???????????? v.???? 承受(bear 的曩昔分词)
taxpayer???????? n.??? 交税人
二、 句型解析
骨干:successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds
同位语从句:“that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer” 说明阐明“grounds”
定语从句:who use it
注:作者在“rather than”前面加逗号是为了告诉读者该介词短语不是定语从句的一有些;而是“by [those who use it], rather than [the general taxpayer]”
三、 翻译点津
1. 当“successive”描述“government”时,一般会翻译成“历届政府”,不要直接硬套词典意思。
2. 假定“cost”指的是“the total amount of money spent on running home or business”,不能翻译成“开支/花费”,而要翻译成“本钱”,愈加精确。
3. 尽管“that”引导的是同位语从句,可是因为其功用是说明阐明“grounds(理由)”,译入中文时转为缘由状语从句,译文会愈加流通。
4. “general”的翻译需要根据其润饰的名词活络调整。
5. “increases”原意为“上涨”,因为上文说到每年一月铁路会涨价,故此处译成“涨价”


四、 参阅译文
历届政府都答应这样的涨价,因为铁路网的出资和运营本钱大约由运用者承担,而非一般的交税人。
五、触类旁通
“grounds”说明为“理由”,一般会有两种用法:一种是“sb. do sth. on the grounds of a particular thing”,也就是本句的用法;另一种是“sth. is grounds for a feeling or action”,这种用法在2006年英语一的新题型题干中呈现过——[g]but even if the government knew how to move against internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?(可是,即便政府晓得该如何冲击网络赌博,可它又有啥理由这么做呢?)。
“general”及其派生的副词“generally”归于高频词。
“general”究竟该作“一般性的;一般的”解,仍是作“全体的;全部的”解,亦或是作“广泛的;广泛的”解,取决于其润饰的名词和上下文语境,比方“raise the level of general physical fitness(前进全民的身体安康水平)”“general awareness about bullying(前进民众对恃强凌弱行为的知道)”“a general decline in employment(作业人数的全体降低)”
“generally”则是完形填空逻辑联络题的高频选项,既标明总结偏重,又有递进弥补的意义。

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