四川师范大学824外国语言文学综合英语考研真题详解_the

原标题：四川师范大学824外国语言文学综合英语考研真题详解

2021年四川师范大学外国语学院《824外国语言文学综合（英语）》考研全套

考研真题精选

一、填空题

1. Chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】innate

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【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。

2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communication (e.g. to express ideas, attitudes) or in particular social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）

【答案】Function

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【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。

3. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _____it is associated with.（人大2007研）

【答案】meaning

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【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。

4. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called _____.（大连外国语学院2008研）

【答案】performative

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【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。

5. Phonetics is the study of _____ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.（北京邮电大学2015研）

【答案】speech

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【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

6. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.（中山大学2017研）

【答案】combinations

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【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.

7. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _____ and performance.（人大2006研）

【答案】competence

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【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。

8. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】inflection

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【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。

9. _____ is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.（北二外2016研）

【答案】Diachronic

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答案

【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的，共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言，描写语言的一个“状态”，不管正在发生哪些变化。

10. When air is forced out of the lungs, it causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】vocal folds

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【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。在大多数情况下，气流源自肺部，气流从肺中压出，引起声带的振动。

11. _____ is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order.（北京邮电大学2016研）

【答案】Phonetics

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【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

12. When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is _____ function.（北二外2015研）

【答案】phatic

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【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方的关系，同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。

13. Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of _____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds. （中山大学2017研）

【答案】symbols

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【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

14. Syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. The order of words in sentences varies from language to language. English language, for instance, generally follows a _____ order, as in the sentence “The dog (subject) bit (verb) the man (object).”（北京邮电大学2016研）

【答案】SVO

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【解析】本题考查英语句子的语序。英语句子的基本语序是主谓宾结构。

15. _____ is the name for oppositeness relation.（北二外2015研）

【答案】antonymy

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【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。

16. Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857—1913) was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system of signs. To communicate ideas, _____ must be part of a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the _____ and the signified.（北京邮电大学2015研）

【答案】sounds, signifier

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【解析】本题考查关于语言作为符号系统的观点。他认为语言是一个符号系统，声音只有作为该符号系统的一部分才能被视作语言。符号包括两方面，能指和所指。

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