2010年考研英语阅览真题答案与详解

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① in his book the tipping point, malcolm aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. ②the idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread。

【考点分析】① 因果常考(driven)，出31题[a]。malcolm aladuell 的观念“社会盛行的东西在很大程度上是有一小有些有影响力的人建议的，这些人见多识广，有说服力” ②转机常考，出31题[b]。 “这个观念不能说明思维是如何传达的”。要留心:ideas actually spread= social epidemics 这就意味着作者认为influential对how ideas actually spread作用不大，不起driven(驱动)的作用。

31. by citing the book the tipping point, the author intends to __________。

[a]analyze the consequences of social epidemics

[b]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas

[c]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics

[d]describe the essential characteristics of influentials。

【正确选项解析】[b] 本题是阐明作者意图题。由上文②的分析可知选本选项。

【烦扰选项分析】[a] 与原文相反。这篇文章谈论的是缘由(driven)，而本题是说成果(consequence)。

[c] 本段没有说到我们的直觉的反应(intuitive response)。②只是说“作者认为这个观念从直觉上看是招引人的”。所以惹是生非

[d]违背中心:influential对social epidemics的作用。只是①中的细节。

①the supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”: information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. ② marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. ③the theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. ④in many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. ⑤anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.

【考点分析】①因果常考(derive from)+转机常考(but)+否定常考(untested)+段首常考+特别标点常考(冒号)，出32题。请看supposed在《牛津高阶英语词典》的英文说明 [only before noun] used to show that you think that a claim, statement or way of describing sb/sth is not true or correct, although it is generally believed to be。这就意味着supposed后边的东西在本质上都是作者对立的。“这种influential的假象的重要性来历于一个形似合理可是本质上未经查验的two-step flow of communication的理论”。②讲商人承受了这一差错观念。③中的seems ④中的cursory search(草率的查找) ⑤中的anecdotal evidence(传闻的根据)这几个词组都标明作者对这个理论持对立情绪。

32. the author suggests that the “two-step flow theory” __________。

[a]serves as a solution to marketing problems

[b]has helped explain certain prevalent trends

[c]has won support from influentials

[d]requires solid evidence for its validity

【正确选项解析】[d]由①可知这个理论是未经查验的(untested)，这就意味着“需要可靠的根据证明其有用性”(requires solid evidence for its validity)。所以本题是同义替换之正话反说。

【烦扰选项分析】[a]与作者对该理论的对立情绪敌对。

[b] ③这个理论如同(seems)可以说明某些盛行的趋势，seem这个词标明作者其实是对立这个说法的。

[c]掉包概念，掉包了②中的marketer

①in their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. ② in fact, they don’t seem to be required of all. ③ the researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like oprah winfrey — whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. ④yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. ⑤ for a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; ⑥and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ⑦ if people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。

【考点分析】①承上启下。研讨者推翻了上文的差错观念。②无需看懂。③研讨者的理由来自关于社会影响的简略的调查。即便最有影响力的人也不会与太多的人交流。④是two-step-flow theory理论。⑤转机常考出33题。“每一个受影响的人必需要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自个的熟人”，这也就因为是social interaction。

33. what the researchers have observed recently shows that __________。

[a] the power of influence goes with social interactions。

[b] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media。

[c] influentials have more channels to reach the public。

[d] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention。

【正确选项解析】[a] 由⑤可知，a social epidemic to occur= the power of influence， his or her own acquaintances=social interaction 可以清楚的同义替换。goes with 与…相伴而生。

【烦扰选项分析】[b]本段没有说到媒体添加人际联络。惹是生非。

[c] channel(途径)惹是生非

[d“大大都名人有很大的媒体影响力”惹是生非。

34.the underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who __________。

[a] stay outside the network of social influence

[b] have little contact with the source of influence

[c] are influenced and then influence others

[d] are influenced by the initial influential

【正确选项解析】本题可以看做是指代词具体是指代的目标。指代的目标必定是向前指代，往前找迩来的名词。⑤中“每一个受影响的人必需要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自个的熟人”所以these people 就是指这些“被影响而且影响别人的人”

【烦扰选项分析】[a]“在社会影响的网络之外”与原文相反。

[b] 强烦扰项。⑥说的是“how many others pay attention to each of these people”与initial influential(= the source of influence)无关，而[b]掉包为“these people”与initial influential(= the source of influence)触摸不多。

①building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social contagion by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced。
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