英语考研英语写作高分十字真经(考研英语需要过几级)

　　英语的书面表达一向以来就是英语学习的瓶颈。在此，笔者向各位学习者供给打破英语写作的十字主张，即研习、背诵、默写、互译、仿照，归纳出培育写作才能的五个方面，如能严肃遵从，定能穷途末路。

　　研习

　　“没有规则，不成方圆。”关于一般英语学习者而言，写出优良的文章有赖于后天习得，但并不料味着机械背诵、生搬硬套，或许照搬照抄、人云亦云。所谓研习，需要有独立思考和自个的判别，本着?街梢怨ビ瘛钡木Γ拗挛恼碌木行┘右匝刑帧Ｑ邢笆滓亓礁龇矫妫ㄎ恼鹿嬖蚝脱杂锉泶铩Ｎ恼鹿嬖蛑肝恼碌男形乃悸贰⒐婊逼⒐婊橹⒙呒涡颉Ｐ矶嘌罢呙媪僖桓雎厶猓梢源嬖诹街植灰谎睦眨皇窍卤是а裕胩馔蚶铮欢撬夹魍蚯В次薮勇浔省Ｖ率沽街掷盏谋驹唇栽谟诙躺偎伎家晌省⒆橹悸返那〉狈椒ǎ率褂谖恼旅Ｎ尥沸鳌⒐嬖蚴У鳌Ｕ饩托枨笤勖谴尤趵硎拥愣嘌邢胺段模罅旎崛绾我匝菀锓ㄐ形摹⒃跹霉槟煞逼约叭绾位啡铺亟崧厶馔乜硭悸返鹊取４送猓邢盎挂赜谘杂锉泶铮ㄇ泊试炀浜陀锞洹⑵诩渲涞母髦至影旆ǎ云谠谧愿鋈蘸蟮男醋髦信缮嫌贸。蛭⑽男醋鹘酝ㄒ焕怼Ｖ恍璩び谘埃诩友刑郑呕峤璞鹑说挠攀坪屠妫敖愿龅男醋魉健?br>

　　背诵

　　背诵是前进写作的又一有用途径。要学好写作，首要要处置好言语输入与输出之间的联络。前者是后者的条件条件。假定脑筋空空如也，就根柢谈不上写出像模像样的文章。只需读过许多东西，而且有知道地将其间精彩有些储存于回想之中(commit the highlights to memory)，才干保证下笔流通、文通字顺。因而，背诵关于写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械回想，而是有选择性的背诵，是有意义的回想。因为机械背诵的成果要么是回想很快就化为乌有、了无痕迹，要么是无法活学活用、付诸实习。背诵包括五个方面:要点词汇、常用套语、精彩语句、优良期间、经典华章。

　　要点词汇

　　夸姣的用词及分配皆在此列，像fall victim(受害)，stand a fair chance(大有期望)这种田道的动宾分配要勤加回想。为了堆集写作词汇，应将文中同属一个论题的用词汇总之纳，构成主题词族(topic family)。归类回想可以使自个日后即写即用，称心如意。下文是一篇阐释爱心的优良文章，多处用词精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如下:

　　emotional strength情感的力气

　　the noblest of human emotions人类最崇高的情感

　　no thought of gain不计得失

　　the lamp of love爱心之灯

　　help the victims of natural disasters援助天然灾害受害者

　　donate whatever they can倾囊相助

　　help their needy fellow citizens协助有需要的同胞

　　be ready to give a helping hand随时预备伸出援手

　　when we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. in fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.

　　as an example of the power of love, we should remember how the chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can—be it money or goods—to help their needy fellow citizens. moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.

　　in my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. we should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. in this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.

　　当咱们用“爱”这个词时，咱们不只是指异性对一自个的招引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的说明。爱心是一种情感的力气，不管咱们周围的世界多么漆黑，爱心都能支撑咱们。实际上，纵观前史，不一样文明布景的人都把爱当作是人类最崇高的情感。

　　说到爱心的力气，咱们马上就会想起每年我国各族公民是如何呼应呼唤援助天然灾害受害者的。尽管依照世界标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国公民毫不犹疑地倾囊相助——不管是钱仍是物——协助那些

有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不思考自个的得失。

　　我认为，表达爱心的最佳方法是协助比咱们愈加意外的人。咱们大约随时预备向有困难的人伸出协助之手，不管他们是家庭成员仍是素昧平生。这样，咱们就可以助一臂之利巴世界变成一个更夸姣的当地，因为，哀痛的阴影越漆黑，爱心之灯的光辉就越闪亮。

　　常用套语

　　套语指盛行的公式化言语，在写作中恰当运用颇有必要。如在商业信函结束，期望对方提前回复的表达方法就要遵从套语的根柢方法，使表达标准稳当。下面试举几个比方:

　　kindly favor us with an early reply.请提前赐复。

　　your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.如能及时回复，将不堪谢谢。

　　we look forward to hearing from you soon.提前回复。

　　we are expecting your prompt reply.急盼回复。

　　please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly.请提前回信。

　　kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience.请在您便利时尽早赐函。

　　we would appreciate it if you could respond right away.如能马上回复，将不堪谢谢。

　　其时盛行应试写作模板，即套语的运用贯穿文章一向，为考生供给万能公式型的文章主架，每句表达皆由固定套语框定，考生只需背下套用句型、过渡词语，在考试中根据特定考题填充具体内容。这种应试战略使写出的文章装模作样，生硬呆板，虽可以让考生及格过关，但必定得不到高分。套语的过多运用不妨可以比作大海中的救生圈，有了它，只是可以让不擅游水者保全性命，却无法安适畅游，一展泳姿。一般来说，套语较为空泛，如运用过多，文章简略流于空泛，言之无物。写作宜真假联系，方法与内容相共同。下例是一篇比照在家学习与入校读书谁优谁劣的范文，文中奇妙地运用了一些固定句式和过渡词语，不只增强了表达作用，而且完成了方法与内容的共同。

　　there are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. first, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the internet and educational courses on tv, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. second, it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time.

　　but we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom, too. being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. more importantly, there can be no substitute for a good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students.

　　given the choice between these two methods of learning, i prefer the classroom. this is because i am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. the classroom environment, i feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge.

　　关于在家学习，咱们可以提出两个首要观念。第一，因为电子媒体方面获得的前进把整个世界的常识经过互联网和电视上的教育课程带入了家庭，教室不再是专一获取常识的场所。第二，我们广泛认为，在自个家里这样了解的环境中，而且能自个组织学习时刻，一自个能学得非常好。

　　可是，咱们不能无视在教室里学习也有优点这一实际。周围都是才能附近和快乐喜爱相投的人可以会对获取常识构成无量的影响，而对许多人来说孑立一人在家学习会有些单调庸俗。更重要的是，没有啥可以替代一个好教师，他不只可以传道授业，而且可以评价并鼓舞学生。

　　假定在两种学习办法中选择，我更喜爱在教室里学习，因为我是那种很难在家务小事、客人、电话的打扰下会集留心力学习的人。我认为大大都人只需在教室里才干把悉数精力放在获取常识这件非常重要的作业上。

　　精彩语句

　　精彩语句指文章中句式美丽、包含道理的语句。精彩语句的背诵有助于写作时的引证和仿照。如在阅览美国前总统约翰·肯尼迪(john f. kennedy)的就任演说(inaugural address)时，可以记住比方“ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”(不要问国家能为你做啥，而要问你能为国家做啥。)这样的传世佳句，当你写关于爱国(patriotism)主题的作文时，则可以当令引证。现仍以上面谈“爱心”的文章为例，其间值得背诵的语句为数不少。摘抄如下:

　　①love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.

　　爱心是情感的力气，不管咱们周围的世界多么漆黑，爱心都能支撑咱们。

　　②people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can—be it money or goods—to help their needy fellow citizens.

　　全国公民毫不犹疑地倾囊相助——不管是钱仍是物——协助那些有需要的同胞。

　　③the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.

　　表达爱心的最佳方法是协助比咱们愈加意外的人。

　　④the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.

　　哀痛的阴影越漆黑，爱心之灯的光辉就越闪亮。

　　优良期间

　　阅览时，咱们常常会碰到一些过目难忘的期间。这些期间或许表达流通、文笔美丽，或许逻辑详尽、规划稳重。根据表达需要，有不一样的功用期间，如表象阐明段、观念陈述段、缘由罗列段、利害说明段、结论归纳段、趋势猜测段、办法主张段等。有些优良期间可以作为写作的功用期间加以背诵，关于咱们拓宽思路、标准行文大有裨益。在背诵进程中，熟练掌控各种功用期间的行文规则，自个在表达时就能驾轻就熟。下面仅举观念陈述段和办法主张段各一例。

　　观念陈述段(陈述“民族文明大约变成世界文明”的观念)

　　a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. since china has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit china. they will come to accept and love chinese culture as a whole. in addition, chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to china, they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the chinese people. in this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.

　　一个国家的文明可以变成世界文明，这对全人类都有利。因为我国现已向外界翻开了国门，许多来自不一样国家的人都期望来看一看我国。他们会初步承受并喜爱整个我国文明，我国文明大约大大方方地让感快乐喜爱的外国人共享。与此一起，跟着来我国的外国人越来越多，他们也把他们自个的文明带给了我国人。这样，世界各国的我们就可以非常好地彼此了解、平缓共处。

　　办法主张段(主张“人员老龄化”的处置办法)

　　the rapidity of the population’s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. no doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. what’s more, family care and community services should also be encouraged.

　　人员老龄化的加速使采纳应对办法变得更为急迫。毫无疑问，处置疑问的要害是树立安靖的经济基础。与此一起，大约注重全体的社会前进，改动社会保证、福利和效能的落后局势。除此之外，大约鼓舞家庭照顾和社区效能。

　　经典华章

　　古往今来，英语宝库中呈现出大批经典佳作，如林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》(the gettysburg address)，福克纳的诺贝尔奖演说(banquet speech)，海伦·凯勒的《给我三天光亮》(three days to see)。这些文章在文字的运用上技法高超，在思维内在上涵义深化，读来字字珠玑，文字美丽，启迪心智，意义隽永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。这样的文章如不能熟读成诵，则无法畅通领悟贯穿。背诵必定数量的经典名篇既有助于前进自个遣词造句的才能，也有助于加强自个表达思维的深度。下面的一篇短文是英国哲学家罗素(bertrand russell)自传的序文有些，题为what i have lived for(我的人生寻求)，概述了作者终身寻求的三种抱负，文章在言语和思维两个方面都可谓经典，值得背诵。

　　what i have lived for

　　three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. these passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.

　　i have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—ecstasy so great that i would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. i have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. i have sought it, finally, because in the union of love i have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. this is what i sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—i have found.

　　with equal passion i have sought knowledge. i have wished to understand the hearts of men. i have wished to know why the stars shine. and i have tried to apprehend the pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. a little of this, but not much, i have achieved.

　　love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. but always pity brought me back to earth. echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people—a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. i long to alleviate the evil, but i can’t, and i too suffer.

　　this has been my life. i have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.

　　我的人生寻求

　　有三种简略可是无比激烈的热情支配了我的终身:对爱的盼望，对常识的探究和对人类磨难的难以忍耐的怜惜。这些热情像飓风，无处不在、重复无常地吹拂着我，吹过深重的苦海，接近绝地。

　　我寻找爱，首要是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种沉醉是如此的夸姣，使我情愿牺牲一切的余生去交流几个小时这样的欢欣。我寻找爱，还因为它清除孑立，在可怕的孑立中，一颗颤抖的魂灵从世界的边缘看到严寒、无底、死寂的深渊。最终，我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，奇妙而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗我们愿望出的地狱的前景。这就是我所寻找的，而且，尽管对人生来说如同过于夸姣，这也是我总算找到了的。

　　以相同的热情我探究常识。我期望可以了解人类的心灵。我期望可以晓得群星为何闪烁。我企图领会毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力气，它分配着此消彼涨。仅在不大的必定程度上，我抵达了此意图。

　　爱和常识，只需有可以，通向着地狱。可是怜惜总把我带回尘世。苦楚呼叫的回声回旋在我的心里。忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压榨者浪费的受害者，被儿女们视为可憎担负的无助的老人，连同这整个充溢了孑立、贫穷和苦楚的世界，使人类所应有的日子变成了笑柄。我盼望可以削减凶暴，可是我力不从心，而且我自个也在忍耐浪费。

　　这就是我的终身。我发现它值得一过。假定再给我一次机缘，我会很高兴地再活它一次。(方船夫译)

　　默写

　　默写也是前进写作的一个重要环节，即把背熟的东西付诸纸端。这个进程不只是为了查验自个的回想作用，更为重要的是练习正确的书面表达才能。在英语学习中，咱们稀有机缘动笔写英文，长时刻以来，手笔陌生，致使提笔即错。再者，因为受汉语思维和习气的种种影响，在潜知道里简略犯一些英语表达差错。广泛存在的言语差错包括主谓共同、时态处置、冠词用法、名词单复数方法、单词拼写等，特别在单词拼写方面，许多人混杂词性，把society, economy, difficulty写成social, economic, difficult；再如字母方位差错，将true, tired, modern写作ture, tried, morden；比方此类。这些看似奇妙的差错假定不加以有知道的战胜，可以会打开为根深柢固的习气，变成写作中的严峻坏处。经过默写，写出早年记诵过的期间字句，之后自我查验、批改，发现并纠正在动笔中的差错，可以有用战胜自个潜知道中的英文差错，前进实践写作时的熟练和精确程度。

　　互译

　　可以在英汉两种言语之间自若变换是英语学习的一个至高境地。测验英汉互译，即把英语文章翻译成地道汉语，间隔数日再将汉语翻译回英文。英文和汉语在表情达意方面存在着许多差异，怅惘学习者一般调查缺乏，领会不深。经过互译练习，比照异同，可以强化咱们对两种言语之间差异的认知，可以加强英语表达才能。在恢复成英文的进程中，词汇表达、句式规划、期间组织、华章规划等各个方面、多个视点都得到温习。一起，可以有用避免我国式英语在作文中的呈现。中式英语在书面表达中层出不穷，本源在于学习者遭到汉语表达和中式思维的制囿。英汉互译有助于打破两种言语习气的壁垒，有助于跨越两种言语思维的妨碍，有助于思维与表达获得调和的共同，有助于将中文的思维地道流通地传达为英语言语。互译的本质在于奇妙地借翻译办法推进英语的创造性表达。

　　仿照

　　在自个写文章时，应有知道地调用早年的堆集，正向搬场，融入自个的写作，包括言语表达、文章规则、写作技巧等，究竟抵达学致使用的意图。假定回想中有像“not that i loved caesar less, but that i loved rome more.”(不是我爱凯撒浅，而是我爱罗马深。)这样的经典名句，当写作有关英语学习的文章时不妨仿照这个句式: not that we can’t master english, but that we have not been willing to take pains. (不是咱们不能掌控英语，而是咱们不愿付出尽力。)正如学好书法常要描红，学好绘画常须描画，写好文章则需要仿照。beauty imitated is beauty recreated. (仿照美就是创造美。)赋予经典的表达以新的内在，这也是一种立异。仿照别人意图在于前进自个。仿照与学习为写作所有必要。总之，good writing favors the prepared mind. (好的写作老是照看那些有预备的人。)

　　英语写作才能的真实前进有赖于上述归纳为十字的五大战略，望兄弟们勤之勉之，将其融入自个的学习实习，打下坚实的言语基础，真实完成从阅览到写作的腾跃，抵达英语读写才能的完满共同。逐步堆集，有所预备，需要之时就可以手到擒来，应对自若，使英文写作变成本身的一项技能。