2023考研英语二短文写作原文及范文-新东方网

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2023考研英语二短文写作原文及范文

2023英语二试题及答案

Use of English

Here’s a common scenario that any number of entreprenuers face today:you’re the CEO of a small business and though you’re making a nice 1, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.

Let’s look at a real-world 4. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees. Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.

Things changed,8, when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.

Armed with this 12, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.

But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.

This leader will 16_ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractons.19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to de put on the back burner.

1.A.purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet

2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate

3. A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially

4. A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example

5. A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional

6. A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem

7. A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides

8. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again

9. A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed

10. A. cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal

11. A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease

12. A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight

13. A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring

14. A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense

15. A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose

16. A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden

17. A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment

18. A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable

19. A. Before B. Once C. while D. Unless

20. A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter

Text 1

In the quest for the perfect lawns, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositions has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsen Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaiming it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which norms the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.

Ed Horne of the RHS said: we launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environment benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.

The RHS’s decision comes as compaginers try to raise awareness of the problem fake grass cause. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sigh two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.

However, supporters of fake grass point out that there’s also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass require considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend on average of lb500 trees or shrouds for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.

21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass

A. is harmful to the environment.

B.is a hot topic in gardening circles C.is overpraised in the annual show

D.is ruining the view of west London

22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’

A disappointment with the RHS.

B resistance to fake grass use.

C. anger over the proposed tax.

D. concern about real grass supply

23. In Paragroph 4.,supporters of fake grass point out

A.the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass

B. the disadvantage of growing real grass.

C.the way to take care of artificial lawns

D the challenges of insect habitat protection

24.what would the govenment do with regard to artifical grass ? A Urge legislation to restrict its use.

B Take measures to guarantee its quality

C Remind its users to obey existing rules

D. Replace it with sustainable alternatives

25 It can be learned from the text that fake grass

A. is being improved continously

B. has seen a market share docline.

C.is becoming increasingly affordabe

D has been a controversial product.

Text 2

It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging thechronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?

Butthe govemment is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis.Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 bllion. Roads,trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.

Butprivatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a crue-all. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, andbusinesses in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues tothe National Park Service.

Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the majorreasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature andget a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.

The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers foundthat people would be willing topay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs arekept intact. Some 81% ofrespondentsaid they would be willing to pay addítionaltaxes for the next 10 years to avoid anycuts to the national parks.

The natiopal parks provide greaf yaluejto U.S. residents both as places toescape and assymbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from theirextensiveeducational programs, their positive impact on the climate throughcarbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and ofcourse through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, workingwith thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sitesand to bring the stories of these places to life.

The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocatesonly3 bilionayearto the national park system—an amount that has been flat since 2001 (ininflation-adusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009.Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increasedmore than 50% since1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.

26.What problem are US national parks faced with?

A. Decline of business profits

B. Inadequate commercialization

C. Lack of transportation services

D. Poorly maintained infrastructure

答案选D

27.Increased privatization of the campgrounds may___

A. spoil visitor experience

B. help preserve nature

C. bring operational pressure

D. boost visits to parks

答案选A

28.According to paragraph 5, most respondents in the survey would___.

A. go to national parks on a regular basis.

B. advocate a bigger budget for the national parks.

C. agree to pay extra for the national parks.

D. support the national parks’ recent reforms.

答案选C

29.The national parks are valuable in that they

A. lead the way in tourism

B. have historical significance

C. sponsor research on climate

D. provide an income for the locals.

答案B

30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_____

A. is able to cope with staff shortages

B. is able to meet visitors’ demands

C. is in need of a new pricing policy

D. is in need of a funding increase.

答案D

Text 3

The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to

do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain,” for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn’t remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says.

In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.” Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking – something that is not available on the Internet. “I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,” Sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.

Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.

“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. “It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don’t know.”

31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will

A. analyze information in detail

B. collect information efficiently

C. switch its focus of memory

D. extend its memory duration

32. The process of “cognitive offloading”

A. helps us identify false information

B. keeps our memory from failing

C. enables us to classify trivial facts

D. lessens our memory burdens

33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?

A. It may reform our learning approach

B. It may impact our society negatively

C. It may enhance our adaptability to technology

D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking

34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?

A. requires further academic research

B. is most studies in older adults

C. is reflected in our reading speed

D. depends on our web-surfing habits

35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that

A. our reliance on the Internet will be costly

B. the Internet is weakening our memory

C. memory exercise is a must for our brain

D. our ability to focus declines with age

Text 4

Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.

A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Crone of the University of Lerden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hard. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy markers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.

The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 child and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questions about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.

Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increased as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior .Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like selfishly help a friend.

Most significantly ,there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.

Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenager behavior is related to what researchers call” reward sensitivity.” Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs “Reward sensitivity” ‘measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk .

Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the conch.

36. According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to A

A. develop opposite personality traits

B. see the world in an unreasonable way

C. have fond memories of their past

D. show attention for their parents

37. It can be learned form Paragraph 2 that Crone’s study C

A. explores teenagers’ social responsibilities

B. examines teenagers’ emotional problems

C. provides a new insight into adolescence

D. highlights negative adolescent behavior

38. What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior D ?

A. It results from the wish to cooperate

B. It is cultivated through education

C. It is subject to family influence

D. It tends to peak in adolescence

39. It can be learned from the last two paragraph that teenagers B .

A. overstress their influence on others

B. care a lot about social recognition

C. become anxious about their future

D. endeavor to live a joyful life

40. what is the text mainly about? A

A. why teenagers are self-contradictory

B. why teenagers are risk-sensitive

C. How teenagers develop prosociality

D. How teenagers become independent

Part B

New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.

The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.

The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.

Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.

Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.

“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”

The changes could mean an extra lb3,000 added to the bill of an average home extension, according to Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers, a group of professionals aimed at raising construction standards.

Homeowners extending may see the amount of space they have decrease, as walls will have to be thicker in order to comply with requirements for better insulation.

Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects, says external walls will need to be about 7cm thicker than previously.

Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.

Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.

“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.

As properties become more airtight, there are also measures to ensure proper airflow, such as having small openings (trickle vents) on windows that allow ventilation when a window is closed.

For people extending their homes, they may be required to install a new, or replacement, heating system depending on the size of the build, says Belsham. These will have to use lower temperature water to deliver the same heat, which will require increased insulation of pipes.

“We’ll see more insulation, better lighting design and restrictions on the amount of glass used in some areas. But with more thermal-efficient homes can come the risk of overheating due to solar gain, and so ventilation is also covered,” says Rolande. “As a result, double-glazed windows will require trickle vents to let heat escape and also to provide fresh air for health reasons and, of course, to reduce the risk of condensation build up in an ever-more airtight property.”

As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline, according to Belsham. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.

Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.

As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work.

Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association.

How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around lb3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”

John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says.

However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”

In the future, there will be increased competition between companies to supply insulation technology, says Belsham, which should result in lower prices.

Failing to follow building regulations could result in prosecution. Local authorities have the power to serve an enforcement notice forcing the owner to alter, or remove, the contravening work.

The measures are part of government plans to reduce carbon emissions as part of its bid to make the UK net zero by 2050. Last week’s rule changes apply to England. Scotland and Wales brought in similar changes recently.

A.The rise of house price is a temporary matter.

B.Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.

C.There will be specific limit on home extensions to prevent heat loss.

D.D. The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.

E.Many people feel that home prices are already beyond what they can afford.

F.The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows and doors.

G.The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.

41.Brian Berry

42.Gareth Belsham

43.Marcus Jefford

44.John Kelly

45.Andrew Mellor

46.41-45答案：DFBAG

Translation

In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poem about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of natural world.

Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, moving and inspiring.

No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really come to life when they are cited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.

18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗而闻名。他是浪漫主义运动的创始人之一，该运动颂扬自然世界的奇迹。

诗歌是有力量的。它的能量和节奏可以吸引读者，把他们带到另一个世界，让他们以不同的方式看待事物。通过精心挑选的单词和短语，诗歌可以是戏剧性的、有趣的、感人的和鼓舞人心的。

没有人确切地知道诗歌是什么时候开始的，但它已经存在了数千年，甚至在人们会写字之前。这是一种讲述故事和传承历史的方式。它与歌曲密切相关，即使是写出来的，也通常是为了大声表演而创作的。诗歌被引用时才真正生动起来。这也有助于理解它们，因为单词的节奏和发音变得更加清晰。

Writing Part A

Directions:

An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday, and your friend David asks you whichone he should go to. Write him an email to

1) make a.suggestion.

2) give your reasons.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address (10 points)

【参考范文】

Dear David,

How’s everything going recently? I am writing this letter to make a suggestion that you should go to the art exhibition and give my reasons. The detailed reasons for my suggestion can be given as follows.

To begin with, the art exhibition, on the theme of Chinese culture, includes 2 parts, the introduction of Chinese culture and the exhibition of extraordinary art works. In addition to that, because it makes you have a deeper understanding and experience in the field of Chinese culture, you can learn about the historic meaning on Chinese culture. Therefore, it is of great significance for you to go to the art exhibition.

Your attention to my suggestion and reasons would be highly appreciated. I do hope that you can find my suggestion helpful and useful.

Yours,

Li Ming

Writing Part B

The line chart vividly depicts the change in Chinese residents’ health literacy level from 2012 to 2021. Health literacy, which refers to people’s ability to access basic healthcare information and services, and to promote their hearth condition based on them, seems to have a higher coverage than 10 years age. The proportion of those with adequate health literacy among all residents aging from 15 to 69 has kept growing stably in the last decade. In 2012, the number was 8.8%, but when it comes to 2021, it reached 25.4%, which is a good news for all residents.

There are several factors contributing the increasing health literacy level. First and foremost, the advance of technology ensures easier access to information for all residents. One decade age, sending for a doctor appeared to be the only approach to gathering healthcare information, which was trustful, but took time and efforts. Now with the Internet pouring tons of information to our mobile phone every second, one can have a general idea about his or her own physical condition merely through several clicks of online search. Secondly, Chinese residents are now taking a more scientific approach to healthcare. The practice of resorting to some elixirs sounds passe, and people are now increasingly aware of the significance of medical science. In other words, we are wiser.

To summarize, the rise in health literacy level seems to be an irreversible trend. With the advance of technology and efforts by the government, it is predictable that all residents, whether in urban or rural areas, will enjoy a healthier life in the future.