考研考博-英语-塔里木大学考试押题卷含答案详解4.docx(考研考博英语很重要吗)

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-塔里木大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为word可编辑，若为pdf皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第i卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikepatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

问题1选项

a.nudged

b.propelled

c.divested

d.bumped

【答案】b

【解析】nudge轻推,唠叨;propel推进,驱使;divest剥夺;bump碰撞。句意:自1996年以来,福利改革推动了数以百万计的像帕蒂诺这样的单身母亲加入到劳动力大军中,福利改革对家庭影响的问题日益突出。选项b符合句意。

2.单选题

whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

问题1选项

a.accomplished

b.expired

c.fulfilled

d.terminated

【答案】d

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accomplish“完成，实现，达到”；expire“期满；终止”；fulfill“履行，实现，满足”；terminate“终止，结束”。句意:当他的合同被出乎意料地终止时，他极度需要一份新工作。选项d符合题意。

3.单选题

an“obviousandstrikingfeatureofthelatetwentiethcenturyworld,”notessallypriceinherbookprimitiveartincivilizedplaces,istheaccessibilityofitsdiverseculturestothosewhoenjoymembershipinwesternsociety.”westernerscantravelwithrelativeeasetoeventheremotestcomersofhumancivilizationorstayathomeandwatchexoticimagesofworlddiversityonthetelevisionandmoviescreen.theworldmarketsystemassuresthosewhohavethefinancialresourcesthattheycanbuyjustaboutanythingfromanywhere.heidegger,alsothinkingonthisphenomenon,says,“yetthefranticabolitionofalldistancesbringsnonearness;fornearnessdoesnotconsistinshortnessofdistance.whatisleastremotefromusinpointofdistance,byvirtueofitspictureonfilmoritssoundontheradio,canremainfarfromus.whatisincalculablyfarfromusinpointofdistancecanbeneartous.”westerntechnologyandthemarketeconomyareshrinkingtheworld,bringingthewestclosertootherpeoples,andotherpreviouslyaccessibleregionsoftheearth.yetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedthewesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesoftheearthortheculturaldifferencesofnonwesternpeoples.onthecontrary,theexpansionofthewestandtheresultant“smallworld”isstill,asincolonialdays,primarilyamovementofdomination.itdependsontheexploitationofthelandandorganiclife,andtheexploitationofthelaborandlivesofthemajorityoftheearth’speoples.becausetheoppressionsoftheearth,ofwomen,andofthosewhodonotbelongto“theabstractdominantnon-group”calledwhitesareintimatelyrelatedandreinforceoneanother,caringforwomenandfortheearthcannotbeseparatedfromcaringfordiversehumancommunities.

westerneconomicdevelopment,vandanashivaexplains,issupposedtobeamodelofprogressfortheso-calledthirdworldthatwouldimproveproductivityandgrowth.however,westerndevelopment,ascapitalaccumulationandcommercializationoftheeconomyforthegenerationofsurplusandvariousandasnaturalresourceutilization,emergedinthecontextofcolonization,industrialization,andcapitalistgrowth.thisnotionofeconomicdevelopmenthasbeenfalselyuniversalizedandapplied,withdisastrousresults,totheentirelydifferentcontexttoattemptingtosatisfybasicneedsofnewlyindependentworldpeoples.westernso-calleddevelopmentinthirdworldcountrieshasgeneratedprofitofvariousmultinationalcorporations,createdinternalcolonialism,underminedsustainablelifestyles,destroyedlocalecologiesandhas,asaresult,createdtruematerialproperty.

fromawesternperspective,ifapeopledonotanticipateinthemarketeconomyanddonotconsumewestern-stylecommoditiesproducedforanddistributedthroughthemarket,theyareregardedaslivinginpoverty.because,moreover,fromawesternperspective,productionanddevelopmenttakeplaceonlywhenmediatedbytechnologiesforcommodityproductionandprofit,suchpeoplesareconsideredunderdevelopedandunproductive.however,formostindigenouspeoples,forexample,maintaininganecologicallybalancedconnectiontotheirlandismuchmoreessentialtotheirbeingandculturethantheland’smonetaryvalueanditssocallednaturalresources.

1.what’sheidegger’scommenton“nearness”inpassage1?

2.theattitudeofwesternerstoculturaloruncultureddifferenceinotherpeoplesisthatof.

3.whatisvandanashiva’sviewaboutwesterneconomicdevelopment?

4.theunderlinedword“indigenous”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

a.itisdistance-oriented.

b.itisvisualoratleastauditory.

c.itisaphenomenonofglobalization.

d.itisnotageographicalconcept.

问题2选项

a.rejection

b.open-mindedness

c.detest

d.appreciation

问题3选项

a.itshouldbeamodelofprogressforallthedevelopedcountries.

b.it.wouldbebalancingprofitandproductioninanecologicalway.

c.itmaynotbeadaptabletothethirdworldcountries.

d.itcouldbeadisasterforpeopleinthemarketeconomy.

问题4选项

a.intelligent

b.local

c.diligent

d.bewildered

【答案】第1题:d

第2题:a

第3题:c

第4题:b

【解析】1.根据第一段heidegger的描述:疯狂地消除一切距离并不能带来接近;因为接近并不等于距离近。就距离而言,最不遥远的东西,凭借它在胶片上的影像或在收音机里的声音,可以离我们很远;距离我们远得无法计算的东西,可能就在我们身边。也就是说,接近它不是一个地理概念,无法用距离衡量。所以选项d符合原文。

2.根据第一段“yetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedthewesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesoftheearthortheculturaldifferencesofnonwesternpeoples.”这一激动人心的全球变化并没有让西方世界接受这一差异,无论是地球上的非人类差异,还是非西方民族的文化差异。也就是说,西方人的态度是拒绝的。选项a正确。

3.根据第二段倒数第二句“thisnotionofeconomicdevelopmenthasbeenfalselyuniversalizedandapplied,withdisastrousresults,totheentirelydifferentcontexttoattemptingtosatisfybasicneedsofnewlyindependentworldpeoples.”这种经济发展的概念被错误地普及和运用到完全不同的环境中,试图满足独立世界人民的基本需要,以致于造成了灾难性的后果。选项d符合原文。

4.根据上文连续提及两次“fromawesternperspective”以及转折词“however”可知,前面均是西方人的看法,再根据上下文内容可推测“indigenouspeoples”指的是当地的人,土著人。选项b正确。

4.单选题

john______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

问题1选项

a.isusedto

b.wasusedto

c.usedto

d.hasbeenusedto

【答案】c

【解析】考查词组辨析。a选项isusedto和b选项wasusedto均表示“习惯于……；习惯”；c选项usedto意为“过去常常，过去经常做某事”，有过去常这样做，现在不这样做了的意味；d选项hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成时。句意:约翰过去抽烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。因此c选项正确。

5.单选题

animportantconsequencearisesbecausethesocialsecurityprogramispurelypay-as-you-gofinanced,（

）mostpensionplans,atleastintheprivatesector,arefullyfunded.thus,greatercontracting-outimpliesgreaterprefundingofpensioncommitments.

问题1选项

a.whereas

b.because

c.sothat

d.therefore

【答案】a

【解析】考查逻辑关系。空格前句意:社会保障项目是量入为出提供资金的。空格后句意:大多数养老计划是全额提供资金。两句间形成转折关系。四个选项中只有a选项whereas表示转折，因此a选项正确。

6.单选题

howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyjanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.thisyear’srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear’s,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialconsumerpriceindex(cpi)measureofinflation.

successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromlincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromsurrey?equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersinthesoutheast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureofthemidlandsandthenorth.

however,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.however,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

thegovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonbritain’srailways.yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.theauthorholdsthatthisyear’sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.thestockbrokerinparagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.itisindicatedinparagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

a.willeasetrainoperation’sburden

b.haskeptpacewithinflation

c.isabigsurprisetocommuters

d.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

问题2选项

a.cardrivers

b.railtravelers

c.localinvestors

d.ordinarytaxpayers

问题3选项

a.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

b.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

c.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

d.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

问题4选项

a.thelossofinvestment

b.thecollapseofoperations

c.areductionofrevenue

d.achangeofownership

问题5选项

a.whoaretoblameforthestrikes?

b.constantcomplainingdoesn’twork

c.cannationalizationbringhope?

d.ever-risingfaresaren’tsustainable

【答案】第1题:d

第2题:b

第3题:c

第4题:d

第5题:d

7.单选题

hehadwanteda25%raiseinpay,butaftertalkingtohisboss,hedecidedthata5%raisewouldhaveto（）.

问题1选项

a.suffice

b.satisfy

c.gratify

d.delight

【答案】a

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suffice“足够；足以”；satisfy“满意；令人满意”；gratify“使满足”；delight“高兴；使高兴”，在经过和他老板谈话之后他觉得可以接收5%的涨薪，将涨薪25%与涨薪5%相比，5%只可以说是够的，可以接受的。句意:他原想涨薪25%，但是经过与他老板谈话之后，他决定涨5%就……。故正确答案为选项a。

8.单选题

earlysettlersneededtrees,sotheysentbacktoeuropeforseedlings（）aroundtheirhouses.

问题1选项

a.toplant

b.andplanted

c.andplants

d.whichplanted

【答案】a

【解析】考查连词。a选项表示目的，种在他们的房子周围。题干前半部分表达这些殖民者缺少树木，按照逻辑推测是返回欧洲，拿到种子种在他们的房子周围；b选项and表示并列，没有语法错误，但将b选项代入到原文，原文表示“早期殖民者需要树木，所以他们把树苗送回欧洲，在房子周围种植”，根据前半句话可知应该是殖民者在所殖民地区需要树木，b选项不符合语境；c选项and表示并列，plant的时态需要和sent（过去式）一致，则c选项语法错误；d选项代入到句子，构成定语从句，句意为“早期殖民者需要树木，所以他们返回欧洲去取那些种在他们房子周围的树苗”，仍然是不符合语境。本题句意:早期殖民者需要树木，所以他们返回欧洲去取树苗，回来种在他们房子周围。因此a选项正确。

9.单选题

ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

a.tohavebeencreated

b.tobecreated

c.havingbeencreated

d.beingcreated

【答案】c

【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，排除a、b，create的动作是过去发生的，应该用过去时态，排除d。句意:不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此c选项正确。

10.单选题

anotherbigissue（）thenationistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.

问题1选项

a.confining

b.confirming

c.conforming

d.confronting

【答案】d

【解析】动词辨析题。confine限制，局限；confirm确认，批准；conform符合，遵守；confront面临，遭遇。句意:这个国家面临的另一大问题是公民的教育问题。选项d符合句意。

11.翻译题

translatethefollowingpassageintochinese.

thereareseveralthingsworthnotingaboutcognitiveneurosciencethatarealsoreflectedinthearticlesinthisspecialissueofscience.firstistheideathatdistributedbrainnetworksunderliecomplexbehaviors.intheearlydaysofthefield,mostneuroscientistsfocusedonindividualbrainregionsandtheirresponses.thesensorydomainwasparticularlycaptivating;onecould,forexample,appropriatelytalkabouthyper-complexcellsinthevisualsystemthatrespondedtocomersortheexistenceofcorticalcolumnsastheorganizingbasisforneuro-sensoryinput.itisbecomingclear,however,thattheprocessingofinformationthatleadstocomplexbehaviorssuchaslearningandmemoryinvolvesmultiplebrainregionsthatmustoperateinaninteractiveparallel.

【答案】关于神经科学某些方面的事情是值得注意的,而这几个值得关注方面在这一期的《科学》杂志特刊上均有所体现。首先,其中一个观点说的是遍布的大脑网络是构成人复杂行为的基础。在有关这个领域的早期研究中,大多数的神经科学家专注于研究单独的大脑区域及其反应行为。感官领域尤为引人新奇,例如,你可以适当地谈论视觉系统中的复杂细胞,这些细胞对大脑沟回和皮层柱的反应构成了神经感觉输人的基础。无论怎样,有一点是可以肯定的,例如学习和记忆等复杂行为的信息处理过程一定是涉及到多个大脑的区域并且以交互式平行的方式进行运作。

12.翻译题

赢家不会让他们的生命局限在自己“理当”成为何种人的观念中。事实上，他们顺应天性行事。所以，他们不会费尽心思地装模作样，故作姿态、玩弄他人。他们十分清楚爱与装爱，傻与装傻，真才实学与故作高深之间的差别。赢家没有必要藏在面具后面掩饰自己。

赢家不害怕独立思考和运用自身的知识，他们既懂得辨别事实与想法，又不会装作通晓一切。他们倾听他人的意见，衡量他人的言论，最后得出自己的判断。尽管赢家懂得尊重和敬佩他人，却不会彻底为他人所限制、摧垮、束缚或吓倒。

【答案】winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe.infact,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretense,andmanipulatingothers.theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.

winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.theycanseparatefromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

13.单选题

itistruethatasasocialorganizationmovesfromthesimpletothecomplex,sodoestheorganizationthroughwhichiteducatesitschildren.growthandchangearevitalifeducationistomeetnewneedsanddemands.inaverysimplesocialorder,itmaysufficetohavetheparentscarryontheeducationoftheirchildren.however,aswillbeshownlaterinmoredetail,suchamethodmaybecomeentirelyuntenable（难维持的）,andspecialindividualsareentrustedwiththetask.thesemaybehiredprivatelyfirst,butsoonthesocialgroup,thechurch,village,andthelikewillberesponsibleforeducation.eventually,specialtrainingisrequiredforthosewhodotheteaching,andanagencytocontrolthistrainingisneeded.thustheinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit,suchasthetown,township,andlaterthestateortheprovince,becomesnecessary.itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.

1.theclosestrestatementofthefirstsentenceis（）

2.thewriterwouldprobablyarguefor（）

3.accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhythelocalgovernmentunitbecomesinfluentialisthat（）

4.theauthorpromisestoexplain（）

5.wemayinferfromthecontextthatthephrase“thetask”inline6refersto（）

问题1选项

a.themorecomplexasocialorganizationbecomes,themorecomplextheeducationalsystembecomes

b.thecomplexityofasocialorganizationdependsonthecomplexityoftheeducationalsystem

c.socialorganizationsaretrulyascomplexastheyneedtobeforeducationalpurposes

d.oursocietymustbecomplexifwewantoureducationsystemtoserveourchildren’seducationalrequirements

问题2选项

a.moreparentalinfluenceineducation

b.aneducationalsystemwhichtakessocialcomplexityintoaccount

c.strictstatecontrolofeducation

d.morespecialtrainingforteachers

问题3选项

a.teachersbecometoopowerful

b.enrollmentincreases

c.aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofteachers

d.thechurchorvillagelackstheabilitytooverseeeducation

问题4选项

a.thenecessityofthelocalgovernmentalunit

b.whyitissimplertousethegovernmenttocontroleducation

c.theresponsibilityofthesocialgroup

d.whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren

问题5选项

a.theeducationofchildren

b.thetrainingofteachers

c.thecontrolofeducation

d.theinfluenceofthelocalgovernmentunit

【答案】第1题:a

第2题:b

第3题:c

第4题:b

第5题:a

【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一句话的意思是:当一个社会组织从简单走向复杂时,它教育孩子的组织也会从简单走向复杂。也就是说社会组织越复杂,教育系统就越复杂。选项a更符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据本文的第一句话可知,作者强调的是社会复杂性对教育的影响,所以教育系统应该考虑到社会复杂性,选项b符合原文。选项a表述错误,选项c和d不是作者主要讨论的话题。

3.判断推理题。根据本文的倒数二三句的内容“specialtrainingisrequired…becomesnecessary.”那些从事教学的人需要特殊的培训,需要一个机构来控制这种培训。因此,地方政府单位的影响是必要的。也就是说地方政府单位具有影响力的原因是需要对教师的教育进行控制。选项c符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文的最后一句“itwasgenerallyconsideredsimplertouseasaunitthealreadyexistinglocalunit.”可以推断作者接下来应该会解释:为什么借用当地（政府）的力量会更简单。选项b正确。

5.判断推理题。根据原文的内容,（仅仅由父母来教育孩子）这一方法可能会难以维持下去,专业人员将会处理这一任务。由此推断,这个任务即上文提到的对孩子的教育,选项a正确。

14.单选题

don’tgettheideathati’veboughtanewcar.sincethemotorofmyoldvolkswagenstartedtomakeanoddnoiselastweek,i’mhavingitrepaired.idrivethissubstituteforafewdays.

问题1选项

a.gettheideathat

b.i’mhavingitrepaired

c.drive

d.forafewdays

e.没有错误

【答案】c

【解析】时态错误。把drive改成havebeendriving。根据后面的afewdays跟句意可知c处应该用现在完成进行时。

15.单选题

asisthechinesecook’scustom,mymotheralwaysmade（）remarksaboutherowncooking.

问题1选项

a.optional

b.plural

c.negative

d.slender

【答案】c

【解析】考查形容词辨析。optional“可选的”；plural“复数的，多样的”；negative“消极的，否定的”；slender“细长的，苗条的”。句意:就像许多中国厨师一样，我母亲经常对自己的厨艺予以否定评价。能修饰remarks的只有c项。

16.单选题

asmoreandmorepeoplepaytheirbillselectronicallyon-line,writingoutcheckseverymonthisslowlybecominga(n)______practice.

问题1选项

a.obsolete

b.contemporary

c.novel

d.antique

【答案】a

【解析】考查形容词辨析。a项obsolete“废弃的，过时的”，b项contemporary“发生（属）于同时期的，当代的”，c项novel“新奇的，异常的”，d项antique“古老的，年代久远的”。由paytheirbillselectronicallyon-line（网上支付账单）和writingoutchecks（开具支票）对应可知，______practice表示“过时的做法”。句意:随着越来越多的人在线支付他们的账单，每月开具支票慢慢地成为一种过时的做法。因此，该题选择a项。

17.单选题

whileitsuniqueeatinghabitsmakethemountaingorillaafascinatingsubjectforobservations,itssmallpopulationanditsshynessserveto______manypotentialstudies.

问题1选项

a.inspire

b.fortify

c.release

d.hinder

【答案】d

【解析】考查动词辨析。a选项inspire“赋予灵感；鼓舞；激起”；b选项fortify“（在物质或精神上）加强”；c选项release“（情感）发泄；放松”；d选项hinder“阻碍”。句意:虽然山地大猩猩独特的饮食习惯吸引许多人的观察，但它数量少和害羞的特点______许多研究的可能性。横线处和studies构成动宾关系，while表示转折，大猩猩数量少且害羞，即使很多人想研究大猩猩也不能顺利地进行研究，会遇到一些困难，d选项hinder“阻碍”符合题意。因此d选项正确。

18.单选题

thisidea,intheavowedpantheismofspinoza,wassufferedtolapseduringthe18thcentury,wasrevivedagainbylessingandherder,andbecameoneofthecentralideasofthegreatromanticandhegelianmovementsingermanyinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

a.cease

b.thrive

c.supersede

d.deplete

【答案】a

【解析】句意:斯宾诺莎宣扬的泛神论中提出的这一思想在18世纪遭到了……，莱辛和赫尔德又重新提出了这一思想，它成为了19世纪德国伟大的浪漫主义和黑格尔运动的核心思想之一。a选项cease“停止；结束”；b选项thrive“繁荣；兴旺”；c选项supersede“取代”；d选项deplete“耗尽；使衰竭”。句中既然说到“重新提出”，说明在18世纪这一思想是被终止或禁止传播的。因此a选项符合题意。

19.单选题

theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist’stimekeepingmethods.forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.theheartofthisatomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

anatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedoneinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

问题1选项

a.absolutelyaccurate

b.moreprecise.

c.heat-resistant

d.differentinvibration

问题2选项

a.temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

b.therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

c.einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

d.temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

问题3选项

a.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

b.scientistsexpecttodisproveeinstein’srelativitytheories

c.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

d.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

问题4选项

a.pulse

b.precision

c.movement

d.accuracy

问题5选项

a.peacetimeuseoftheatoms

b.atomsandmolecules

c.thesatellitetimekeepers

d.theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1题:b

第2题:a

第3题:c

第4题:a

第5题:a

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段“intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻译为:在追求精确性过程中，科学家们已经转向于原子钟，它依赖于各种振动的原子或分子，以提供它们的“滴答声”。综合可知，b选项符合题意，科学家们希望原子钟更加准确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“theheartofthisatomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻译为:这个原子钟的中心是一个铯原子，当加热到沸水的温度时，它每秒振动92亿次。因此，a项“温度变化影响氨分子的振动速率”正确。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章尾段“placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻译为:在以每小时18000英里的速度运行的轨道卫星中，时钟可以将其时间读数广播到地面站，并在地面站与类似模型上的读数进行比较。可以推测出c选项“原子钟在太空飞行中将起重要作用”。

4.词义猜测题。由题干关键词“vibration”可以定位到文中“thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻译为:这是可能的，因为每种原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻译为:例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240亿次。可以得知a选项“振动”正确。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知文中主要介绍原子钟的计时精确度、特性和相关原理，以及它在天文领域的一些应用。推测出a选项“和平时期原子的使用”正确。

20.问答题

neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsandcommittedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissuenoonecanignore.

eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan’thelpbutfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortripsbycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheirsteps.

(1)now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.thetourismandaviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsomeawkwardfacts.didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmorecarbondioxidethansomeplanes?thatdrivingcanreleasetwiceasmuchcarbonasflying?anewreportfrombalpa,thepilot’sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

(2)whiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatheathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inkenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp.lookingoutfromacliffoverthedesertsofsamburulandisastunninghotel,theo1maloeco-lodge.revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtouristshasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfromover-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.moreimpressivestillistheo1maloeyeproject.upto80percentofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sotheo1malotrustrunsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheuktotreatthem.injanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheirsight.“it’sverysimple—allofourvisitorsflyhere,”saidjuliafrancombe,thefounder.“iftheystoppedcoming,itwouldkillus.”

onethingonwhichallsidesagreeisthataviationisbooming,soitbecomescrucialtodevelopnewandlesspollutingaircraft.airbus’sclaimthatitcansavetheworldwiththea380maybefar-fetched,butits(3)“gentlegiant”planeisfarmoreefficientandquieterthanthoseof20yearsago.

someenvironmentalists,however,scorntheseadvances,sayingsuchmeasuresarea(4)“delusion.”“theaviationindustryislikelytovastlyoverstatethegainsthatcanbemadefromtechnologicalimprovementsbutsadlyaclimatefriendlyplaneisn’tonthehorizon,”saysemilyarmisteadofgreenpeace.

(5)sothequestionis:whodoyoubelieve?

【答案】答:

1.thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease.

2.ononehand,campaignerswhoplottheircampinenglandaimtoagainsttheairtravel;ontheotherhand,theothercampsinkenyademonstratethenecessityofflying.

3.bassandlarge-scale

4.vainattempttowardairpollutantproblems

5.thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport.

【解析】1.原句句意是:然而，现在反弹开始了。结合上下文句意分析，上文提到飞机造成环境破坏已经成为了一个头条新闻，而那些选择开车、乘火车或渡轮旅行的人则有一种自以为是的春天；接着第三段提到一些渡轮排放的二氧化碳比一些飞机排放的要多得多，由此可知backlash指的是除飞机以外的交通工具污染开始得到人们的关注。故改写为thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease（其他交通工具造成的污染也开始增加）。

2.原句句意是:虽然有一些活动人士在希思罗机场设立营地来抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行，在肯尼亚，人们正在制定一个截然不同的营地计划。希思罗机场是英国的，所以可以将therearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatheathrow改写为campaignerswhoplottheircampinengland（策划在英国扎营的活动人士）；另外，肯尼亚的人们制定一个截然不同的营地计划，通过“averydifferent”可知，这个计划是和抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行相反的，所以inkenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp可以改写为theothercampsinkenyademonstratethenecessityofflying（肯尼亚的其他营地证明了飞行的必要性）。

3.这一句的句意是:空客声称它可以用a380拯救世界的说法可能有些牵强，但是它的“温柔的巨型”飞机比20年前的飞机效率更高，噪音更小。gentlegiant带引号，这是一种比喻的说法，是用来修饰后面的plane（飞机），gentle原意是“温和的”，根据语境这里是表示“噪音小，声音低”，giant原意是“巨大的”，这里是表示飞机“体积大”，所以改写为bassandlarge-scale（低音和大规模）。

4.这一句的句意是:然而，一些环保主义者鄙视这些进步，称这些措施是一种“妄想”。由此可知delusion表示“妄想”，所以可以改写为vainattempt（妄想）；另外为了细化句子的意思，添加towardairpollutantproblems（针对空气污染问题）用来起补充说明的作用。

5.原句句意是:所以问题是:你相信谁？这一句是文章的总结句，整篇文章就飞机造成环境污染的问题的争论，对正反两个阵营进行阐述，最后一句的意思就是“你支持哪一种说法”，所以可以改写为thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport（问题是你决定支持哪一方）。

21.单选题

topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（）byacomputer.

问题1选项

a.graded

b.managed

c.conducted

d.monitored

【答案】d

【解析】句意:为了防止冬季洪水泛滥，大坝流出的水由计算机不断监测。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。grade评分；把……分等级；manage管理；控制；设法；conduct管理；引导；进行；monitor监控。由前半句句意“为了防止冬季洪水泛滥”可知d项符合句意。

22.单选题

mr.andmrs.evansarea______couple.theyshareapassionforantiquesandsurfboarding.

问题1选项

a.amicable

b.congenial

c.captious

d.disputatious

【答案】b

【解析】考查形容词辨析。a项amicable表示“友好的，友善的”，b项congenial表示“意气相投的，性格相似的”，c项captious表示“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，d项disputatious表示“爱争辩的”。根据后面的句子theyshareapassionforantiquesandsurfboarding（他们都热爱古董和冲浪）可知，“意气相投的”符合语境。句意:埃文斯夫妇是志趣相投的一对；他们都热爱古董和冲浪。因此，该题选择b项正确。

23.单选题

_______theyweretalking,thedawncameshiningthroughthewindowsoftheroom.

问题1选项

a.while

b.till

c.themoment

d.before

【答案】a

【解析】考查连词辨析。a选项while“当……时候”；b选项till“直到……才”；c选项themoment“立刻，一……就”；d选项before“在……之前”。句意:（）他们在交谈；曙光透过房间的窗户照了进来。这里结合选项填的连词是“当……时候”，所以排除b、d选项，答案选a；c选项不是连词不能连接两个句子，所以不选。

24.单选题

itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina（）ontherailwayyesterday.

问题1选项

a.collision

b.collaboration

c.corrosion

d.confrontation

【答案】a

【解析】考查名词辨析。a项collision“碰撞，冲突”，b项collaboration“合作”，c项corrosion“腐蚀”，d项confrontation“对抗，面对”。把四个选项分别代入句子中，可知只有collision符合。句意:据报道，昨天有30人在铁路相撞中丧生。因此，该题选择a项正确。

25.问答题

wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(a)courageouslyorincowardice,(b)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.wedecide(c)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.andaswedecideandchoose(d)soareourlivesformed.intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】b；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

26.单选题

myspirits______whenirealizedicouldn’taffordthenewcaronmysalary,whichihadpromisedtobuyformyfiancee.

问题1选项

a.scared

b.flogged

c.sank

d.transmitted

【答案】c

【解析】考查动词辨析。a项scare“（使）害怕，受惊吓，吓跑”，b项flog“鞭打，鞭策，迫使”，c项sink“（在水或泥里）下沉，使（船只）沉没，倒下，消沉”，d项transmit“传输，传播，发射”。由myspirits“我的精神”和icouldn’taffordthenewcaronmysalary“以我的薪水，我买不起这辆新车”可知，“消沉”符合语境。句意:当我意识到凭我的工资根本买不起那辆答应给我未婚妻买的新车时，我的情绪低落了。因此，该题选择c项正确。

27.单选题

davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

问题1选项

a.regime

b.prestige

c.superiority

d.legislature

【答案】b

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。a选项regime“政权；政体；社会制度；管理体制”；b选项prestige“威望；声望；声誉”；c选项superiority“优越；优势”；d选项legislature“立法机关；立法机构”。句意:在一个给予那些有进取心且相当有竞争力的人很多声誉的社会里，大卫倾向于认为自己无用且不被该社会所需要。根据句意可知b选项正确。

28.单选题

ithadbeenanabominableafternoon,(

)ataboutsixo’clockinherfather’ssuddencollapseintosub-consciousness.

问题1选项

a.pitching

b.rising

c.soaring

d.culminating

【答案】d

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pitch“投掷”；rise“上升”；soar“猛增”；culminate“达到顶点”。句意:那是一个糟糕的下午，大约六点钟她的父亲突然陷入昏迷。选项d符合题意。

29.单选题

______isknowntoall,gasesexpandandcontractwiththeincreaseanddecreaseoftemperature.

问题1选项

a.which

b.as

c.that

d.it

【答案】b

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:众所周知，气体随着温度的升高和降低而膨胀和收缩。c选项符合题意。b选项as关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容；其引导从句比较灵活，可以放句首，也可以放句中或句末；asisknowntoall可以看作asweallknow的被动式。因此b选项正确。

30.单选题

sincetherewasnoplacetotakeshelter,wegot（）inthesuddendownpourinnotime.

问题1选项

a.stained

b.soaked

c.sprayed

d.sticky

【答案】b

【解析】考查形容词辨析。a选项stained“玷污的”；c选项sprayed“被喷成雾状的”；d选项sticky“粘性的”。句意:由于没有地方躲避，我们立即被突然而至的倾盆大雨……了。可根据关键词downpour倾盆大雨，和前面的noplace进行联想猜测。b选项soaked“湿透的”更符合语境。故选b。

31.单选题

parentshavealegal（）toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithsufficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.

问题1选项

a.impulse

b.influence

c.obligation

d.sympathy

【答案】c

【解析】句意:父母要承担的法律义务是:要保证自己的小孩获得充分的适龄教育。

考查名词辨析。impulse冲动，心血来潮；influence影响；obligation义务，责任；sympathy同情（心）。根据to后面的目的可知c符合句意。

32.单选题

forawhileeveryonewasscreaming,tugging,beatingandkickingandthenm