2019年考研英语(一)阅读真题祥解Text4——followme(2019年考研英语一难度)

2019年考研英语(一)阅读真题祥解text 4——follow me
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一、数一数全文一共由几个段落组成，标上序号,全文有9段。
二、最后一题，看看是不是中心主旨题：
40. in dealing with?the supreme court decision?thursday, the author ____.
a. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences
b. describes the long and complicated process of its making
c.?presents its main points with conflicting views on them
d. cities some?cases related to it and analyzes their?implications
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?【题干译文】在论述最高法院周四的裁决时,作者____.
a.?进行客观描述,并讨论其后果
b.描述其漫长而复杂的形成过程
c.用相互矛盾的观点陈述其要领
d.列举相关案例,并分析其含义
这个题型2019text2见过，考写作方法，我们当成是中心主旨题，以不变应万变。
方法：定位、替换、排除。
又因文章的中心往往在一二段，有百分之八十的可能，a supreme court decision thursday定位在第一段，我首先看到that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.是定语从句，修饰a supreme court decision。
更接近a. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences初步定位答案是a.
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为什么不选c? 因为a中的 consequence [?k?ns?kw?ns] n.结果; 重要性;（con=together； sequ=follow,表示。）是随之而来的东西。but is a big financial win for states.给各州带来巨大的经济收益是“随之而来的东西”。
而c中的implication [??mpl??ke??n] n.含义；（im进入+plic重叠）在里面藏着的东西，是案例的本身。
如果不用英语的本身去思考，像《考研真相》的译文，你真不知道怎么做。
《考研真相》的解析：
【题干译文】在论述最高法院周四的裁决时,作者____.
a.?进行客观描述,并讨论其影响
b.描述其漫长而复杂的形成过程
c.用相互矛盾的观点陈述其要领
d.列举相关案例,并分析其影响
浏览全文可知,本文首段提到美国最高法院周四做出的新裁决及其带来影响;二至四段介绍了被推翻的旧裁决的内容及其弊端;五至七段则分别阐述了新裁决对大型连锁企业、各州政府以及其他相关企业的影响。综上可知,本文对新裁决进行客观描述并讨论其造成的影响,故a选项正确。
真是万金油，可操作性不强。
【1段】states will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a supreme court decision thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.
根据美国最高法院周四做出的一项裁决,美国各州将有权强制要求更多的人在网上购物时缴纳销售税。这项裁决会使消费者的钱包缩水,但可以给各州带来巨大的经济收益。
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三、看懂题干，成功一半（审题，看出题人问了你什么？文章的中心是什么，结构是什么？）
36. the supreme court decision thursday will ____.（细节）
【题干译文】美国最高法院周四做出的裁决将____.
37. it can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions?____.
从文章第二、三段可知,被推翻的裁决
38. according to justice anthony kennedy, the physical presence rule has ____.
在大法官安东尼·肯尼迪看来,实体存在选项出处规则
39. who are most likely to welcome the supreme court ruling ____.
谁最有可能欣然接受最高法院的裁决?
分析：37题是从2、3段可知有些裁决让推翻了。
这篇文章是关于高院做出裁决、推翻的裁决的这些事。
考研经典结构：1、提出问题；分析问题；解决问题；
2、给出现象；分析现象 ；评价现象；
【经验分享】司法类的文章，现象对应的是：法院要推翻的法规；
分析：为什么？
评价：最后出现主系表结构，如本文中“the ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states，”对谁有什么影响，对那一方有好处，对谁不利。
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四、跟着老大（中心），顺藤（相关的提示信息）摸瓜（找答案），采用的自上而下的逻辑，从中心出发；中心决定细节。
36. the supreme court decision thursday will ____.（细节）
a.better?business’ relations with states
b. put most online business in a dilemma
c. make more?online shoppers pay sales tax
d. forces some states to cut sales tax
put sb in a dilemma使某人陷入困境
【题干译文】美国最高法院周四做出的裁决将____.
a.改善各州之间的商业关系
b.使大多数线上企业进退两难
c.迫使更多网络购物者缴纳销售税
d.迫使一些州削减销售税
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【答案解析】该段提到,根据美国最高法院周四做出的一项裁决,美国各州将有权强制要求更多的人在网上购物时缴纳销售税。c选项内容与此表述相符,故正确。
【葵花宝典】本段是独句段，对独段句往往是开门见山，开宗明义，引入中心话题。
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【1段】states will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a supreme court decision thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.
根据美国最高法院周四做出的一项裁决,美国各州将有权强制要求更多的人在网上购物时缴纳销售税。这项裁决会使消费者的钱包缩水,但可以给各州带来巨大的经济收益。
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37. it can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions?____.
a. have led to the dominance of e-commerce
b. have cost consumers a lot over the years
c. were widely criticized by online purchases
d. were considered unfavorable by states
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从文章第二、三段可知,被推翻的裁决
a.已经使电子商务处于主导地位
b.近年来使消费者花费巨大
c.受到网络购物者的广泛批评
d.在各州看来是不利的
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【解析】题干关键信息为: paragraphs2and3和 the overruled decisions。
答案的位置：第二、三段的交集，二段①，最后一句；三段①，最后一句。
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二段①句指出,各州声称这两项裁决曾使他们每年损失数十亿美元的税收收入;接着二段②句指出,这两项裁决加大了各州对某些网购商品征收销售税的难度。由此可知,被推翻的这两项裁决在各州看来会带来税收损失,加大征税难度,所以是不利的, 3段最后：但大多数人并没有意识到自己已欠税,并且很少有人缴税。
故d选项正确。
【2段】①the supreme court’s opinion thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. ②the decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.
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美国最高法院周四的裁决推翻了两项执行长达数十年之久的裁决。据各州称,这两项裁决曾使他们每年损失数十亿美元的税收收入。同时也加大了各州对某些网购商品征收销售税的难度。
【3段】①the cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. ②customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.
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已被法院推翻的两项裁决认为,如果某家企业将顾客购买的商品运送到某个州,而该企业并未在此设立仓库或办公室等实体存在,那么这家企业就不必为该州(向顾客)代收销售税。如果(在需要征税的情况下)未被征收销售税,顾客通常有责任自行向所在州政府缴纳销售税,但大多数人并没有意识到自己已欠税,并且很少有人缴税。
38. according to justice anthony kennedy, the physical presence rule has ____.
a. hindered economic development(偷梁换柱)
b. brought prosperity to the country
c.?harmed fair?market competition（fair?market competition=on an even playing field）
d. boosted growth in states revenue
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在大法官安东尼·肯尼迪看来,实体存在选项出处规则
a.?阻碍了经济发展
b.给国家带来了繁荣
c.损害了公平的市场竞争
d.促进了各州税收的增长
?题干关键信息为: justice anthony kennedy和 the physical presence rule。
首先回到四段，然后找到相应的时态，由段落主旨句“justice anthony kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed”是负面的，排除b,d.该段主要描述大法官 anthony kennedy对之前裁决的看法,其中句提到, kennedy认为,“使市场参与者无法在公平的环境下竞争”用的是完成时。c选项内容是对此的同义转述,故正确。
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【葵花宝典】题干中有现在完成时，由开头是大写的justice anthony kennedy定位到具体段，然后找到相应的时态，现在完成时在第四段第三句，has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”
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【4段】①justice anthony kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. ②“each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the states,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. ③kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”
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大法官安东尼?肯尼迪写道,之前的裁决存在缺陷。“实体存在规则逐年脱离经济现实,给各州带来了巨大的税收损失,”他在一份联合了其他四位法官共同撰写的意见书中这样写道。(38)肯尼迪还补充道,这项规则“限制了各州寻求长期繁荣的能力,使市场参与者无法在公平的环境下竞争。
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39. who are most likely to welcome the supreme court ruling ____.
a. internet entrepreneurs
b. big-chair owners
c. third-party sellers
d. small retailers
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谁最有可能欣然接受最高法院的裁决?
a.互联网企业家。
b.大型连锁企业老板。
c.第三方卖家。
d.小型零售商。
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【解析】题干关键信息为: welcome the supreme court ruling。首先回到五段1句,题干关键信息与该句中的 the ruling is a victory for相对应。该句提到,对于在多个州都拥有实体存在的大型连锁企业来说,这项裁决是一个胜利。可见,这项裁决最有可能受到大型连锁企业老板的欢迎,故b选项正确。
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【5段】①the ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. ②now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. ③big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. ④amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.
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(39)对于在多个州都拥有实体存在的大型连锁企业来说,这项裁决是一个胜利,因为它们通常已经对网购商品征收销售税了。现在,它们的竞争对手将在此地征收此前从未征收过的销售税。大型连锁企业一直在全国范围内征收销售税,因为无论商品被运送到哪个州,它们一般都在那里有实体店。拥有仓库网络的亚马逊也在每个征收销售税的州征收该税,不过使用该网站的第三方卖家不需要这样做。
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【6段】①until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. ②sellers that use ebay and etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. ③under the ruling thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.
到目前为止,许多只在一个或几个州拥有实体存在的卖家,在将商品运往这些州以外的地方时,一直能够免征销售税。使用ebay和etsy(这两个网站为规模较小的卖家提供平台)的卖家也一直未在全国范围内征收销售税。而根据周四的裁决,各州可以通过法律,要求州外的卖家向顾客代收该州的销售税,并将其上缴给该州政府。
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【7段】①retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses.

②the losers, said retail analyst neil saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. ③ those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. ④the small business & entrepreneurship council advocacy group said in a statement, “small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”
零售贸易组织对这一裁决表示赞赏,称该裁决为当地企业和线上企业创造了公平的竞争环境。零售业分析师尼尔·桑德斯表示,输家是那些只做线上销售的零售商,尤其是规模较小的零售商。这些零售商可能会面临遵守各种各样的州销售税法这样令人头痛的事。美国小企业和创业委员会倡议组织在一份声明中表示,“这一裁决对小型企业和互联网企业家毫无益处。”
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