2021年考研英语(一)阅读理解Text1解析(上海新东方)

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How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to railpassenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every Januarythe cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden onthose who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work orotherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lowerthan last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI) measure of inflation.

Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds thatthe cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by thosewho use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should acar-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of astockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails ofcommuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises,have received too

much attention compared to those who must endure therelatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experiencedsome of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operatorstrumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengersshould be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums theyare now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikesrests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have beenworst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for thedisruption they have suffered.

The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum servicerequirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-runningproblems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengerswill not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped,unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, orplanned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation mayhave been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justifiedanger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares

A. will ease train operation’s burden.

B. has kept pace with inflation.

C. is a big surprise to commuters.

D. remains anunreasonable measure.

答案解析：本题考查作者对于今年铁路乘客票价上涨的观点，根据第一段开头所问“铁路运输者如何合理解释又一年的票价上涨?”可以知道作者表示认为涨价无法合理解释。因此D选项中的关键词unreasonable正确。其余ABC三个解析分别对应该段话的细节错误。

22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for

A. car drivers

B. rail travellers

C. local investors

D. ordinary taxpayers

答案解析：这道题为词义理解题，需要结合词汇所在位置的上下句。词义理解题的上下句经常会把考点句的核心重复说明。stockbroker在第二段的第二句话出现。联系上一句可知“政府认为铁路运输的成本应该由搭乘铁路的人承担，而非其他纳税人”。第二句话为小例子，来具体说明第一句话的“铁路搭乘者要付费”，因此选择B选项“铁路通勤者”最合适。

23. It is indicated in 3 that train operators

A. are offering compensations to commuters.

B. are trying to repair relations with the unions.

C. have failed to provide an adequate service.

D. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.

这道题中出现indicate，是在问作者对于铁路运输者的看法。第三段定位到“trainoperators”所在的第二句话，理解为“铁路运输者(trainoperators)一直在吹嘘(trumpet)他们为铁路系统做的改善，但是一直在花钱的乘客应该有一个基本程度的运输保障”，转折之后的意思是目前乘客花了不少钱坐火车，但是基本的保障都没有。选择C选项“运输者不能够提供充分的服务”为最佳理解。其余的ABD都属于段落中的细节干扰。

24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face

A. the loss of investment.

B. the collapse of operations.

C. a reduction of revenue.

D. a change of ownership.

此题为细节题，题干“若无法让铁路乘客冷静下来“，铁路公司可能会面临什么后果。根据if这个条件回文定位到最后一段话的最后一句。“目前看来，国有化(nationalization)的威胁可能不会到来，但是若乘客们的合理的愤怒没有及时被解决，那么国有化还是会作为应对措施卷土重来的”，由此可知D选项“铁路公司可能面临所有权的改变”最符合定位的理解。此题C“收入减少”为干扰选项，倒数第二句只提到乘客们不会为涨价买单。钱不增加不等于钱减少这个概念。

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

B. Constant Complaining Doesn’t Work

C. Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

D. Ever-rising Fares Aren’t Sustainable

此题为标题题，考点为全文主旨。可以先排除涉及文中仅出现一次的具体细节或者明显矛盾的选项，B的抱怨为理解偏差，先排除;C的nationalization仅在最后一段出现，先排除。由此剩下A和D这两个选项。接下来就观察哪一个选项的关键字在首末提到。开篇作者设问句的话题就是针对“涨价”这个概念，因此D选项，不断上涨的票价是不能够维持下去的。这个选项最合适。