2021年考研英语二完形填空解析(西安新东方)

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一、完形填空部分：

It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 ,tounderstand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors havemultiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.

Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watchpeople get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Dopeople get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that peoplehave paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.

Why? Because the target is 6 .People complained that buses were late andinfrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and driverswere 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit thesetargets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to10 ,you would havemore inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteriawould be at the expense of time.

There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive ontime? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 ismeant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.

The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, withmultiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.EverythingCan be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a 17 . Setting targets can anddoes have unforeseen negative consequences.

This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument forexploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18critical factors such as time,money, quality and customer feedback. The trick isnot only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also tounderstand how to help people better 20 the objective.

1. A. therefore B. however C. again D. moreover

2. A. Emphasize B. Identify C. Assess D. Explain

3. A. nearly B. curiously C. eagerly D. quickly

4. A.claim B. prove C. check D. recall

5. A. threatened B. ignored C. mocked D. blamed

6. A. punctuality B. hospitality C. competition D. innovation

7. A. Yet B. So C. Besides D. Still

8. A. hired B. trained C. rewarded D. grouped

9. A. only B. rather C. Once D. Also

10. A. comfort B. revenue C. efficiency D. security

11. A. friendly B. quiet C. cautious D. diligent

12. A. purpose B. problem C. prejudice D. policy

13. A. interesting B. revealed C. admitted D. noticed

14. A. break B. trip C. departure D. transfer

15. A. moral B. background C. style D. form

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6. A.interpret B. criticize C. sacrifice D. tolerate

17. A. task B. secret C. product D. cost

18. A. leading to B. calling for C.relating to D. accounting for

19. A. specify B. predict C. restore D. create

20. A. modify B. review C. present D. achieve

【正确答案】1-5：BADCB 6-10：ABCDB 11-15：CBDBA 16-20：CDCAD

1.【考点】逻辑关联词之转折关系

【解析】本句考察逻辑关联词，因此关注前后句逻辑关系，前句有否定词not，本句填写however表转折。句意为“为员工设定目标并不难。而要了解这些目标的负面影响却要困难得多。”A Therefore表因果; B however 表转折;C again表递进;D moreover 表递进，因此选B。

2.【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】 句意为“大多数与工作相关的行为都有多个构成要素。___一个和几个变得失真。”由此可知，不能关注其中一个或几个，因此A项Emphasize强调，更符合句意。B. Identify确定;C.Assess评定;D. Explain解释。

3.【考点】语义关系+副词辨析

【解析】句意为“乘坐伦敦的巴士，你将___看到这是如何体现在司机身上的。”此句副词修饰动词see，B. curiously 好奇地;C.eagerly急切地;情感非常明显，而根据下文并未出现相关情感表达词汇，排除;A. nearly 几乎;语义不当，排除;D.quickly很快地;根据下文具体描述，语义恰当，当选。

4.【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】句意为“会有检查员___乘客是否付费吗?” A.claim 宣称，索赔; B. prove 证明;C. check检查，核对; D.recall回忆，搭配inspectors，故，C项check当选。

5.【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】根据句意“赶公交的人呢?他们是被___。”A. threatened威胁的; C. mocked嘲笑的，模仿的;D. blamed谴责的;表达程度过深，不符合语境。根据句意， B. ignored忽视的，符合语境。

6.【考点】语义关系+名词辨析

【解析】根据横线后句意“人们抱怨公交晚点”，得知，正确答案为A. punctuality准时。B. hospitality 好客，殷勤;C.competition竞争;D. innovation创新

7.【考点】逻辑关联词之因果关系

【解析】根据上下句意做题。前句“人们抱怨公交晚点”，后句“公交车数量及公交车道增加”，前后为因果关系，故选B项。A. Yet还，但是; C.Besides此外，表递进;D. Still 仍然。

8.【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】根据句子结构，横线处所填词汇与“punished”形成并列关系，语义相反，“punished”为“惩罚”，故选“rewarded”奖励，当选。A.hired雇用;B. trained 培训;D. grouped分类。

9.【考点】语义关系+副词辨析

【解析】句意为“司机达到这些目标，但是他们___碰到骑自行车的人。”A. only仅仅，只;B. rather宁可;C.Once一旦;均不符合句意，因此D. Also也，当选。

10.【考点】语义关系+名词辨析

【解析】根据句意“若目标变为___，会有更多的检查员及更敏感的定价。”根据“pricing”，答案直接对应 B. revenue(收入)。A.comfort舒适; C. efficiency效率; D. security安全。

11.【考点】语义关系+形容词辨析

【解析】此处形容词修饰“drivers who obeyed trafticlaws”，根据句意“若标准改为安全，会有跟过的___遵守交规的司机。”A. friendly 友好的;B. quiet安静的; D.diligent勤劳的;均不符合句意。C. cautious 谨慎的，当选。

12.【考点】语义关系+名词辨析

【解析】根据横线前“another”，表示本句为对上段落的递进。上段落提及了以不同的目标为标准产生的各种问题，因此，此处选择B. problem(问题)。A. purpose目的;C. prejudice偏见;D. policy政策，语义不符。

13.【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】根据句意“你可曾___你的航班晚点一小时却依旧准时落地?”D. noticed(留意)搭配句意，恰当，当选。A.interesting有趣的;B. revealed 透露;C. admitted承认;均不符合句意。

14. 【考点】语义关系+名词辨析

【解析】根据句意“航空公司只是改变了一段___原本所要花费的时间。原本一小时的飞行现在变成了两小时的飞行。”根据句意，B.“trip”(旅行)当选。A.break 休息; C. departure 离开;D. transfer换乘;与文意不符。

15. 【考点】语义关系+名词辨析

【解析】根据句意“这个故事的___很简单。大多数工作都是多纬度的，有着多重标准。”后一句是对前一句的解释说明，解释故事反应的真相。因此对比选项：A.moral道德;B. background 背景;C. style风格;D. form形式，对比择优，只有background合适，故B项为正确答案。

16. 【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】根据句意“选择一个标准你就得___其他标准。”结合选项：A.interpret解释;B. criticize批评;C. sacrifice牺牲;D. tolerate忍受，只有C项符合题意。

17. 【考点】语义关系+名词辨析

【解析】根据句意“所有事情都可以更快速，更高效地完成，但是有____. 设定目的的确会有不可预见的消极后果。”“negativeconsequences”对应选项D. cost (代价)，更符合句意。A. task 任务;B. secret 秘密;C. product 结果。

18. 【考点】语义关系+动词短语辨析

【解析】根据句意“所有好的目标应该有众多的标准____关键因素，例如时间、金钱、质量以及顾客反馈。” A. leading to导致;B.calling for要求，呼唤; D. accounting for解释，叙述。均与前后词搭配不当。C.relatingto(涉及)填入符合逻辑及句意，为正确选项。

19. 【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】根据句意“这个戏法不仅是去___一个或甚至两个维度的目标，而是去理解如何帮助任人们更好地___目标。”选项：B. predict预测，断言;C. restore 恢复，修复;D. create创造，均与句意不符，只有A. specify(详述，说明)符合文意，当选。

20. 【考点】语义关系+动词辨析

【解析】根据句意“这个戏法不仅是去明确一个或甚至两个维度的目标，而是去理解如何帮助任人们更好地___目标。”此处动词搭配名词“objective”(目标)，因此achieve(实现)当选。A.modify修改;B. review回顾，复习;C. present出席，呈现;与句意不符，故排除。