23考研外刊阅览《科学美国人》双语精读版练习–美国研讨发现狗的性…(考研外文刊物)

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文章第一段呈现了若干种“被认为、被看作”的描绘方法，主张写到小本本上堆集起来～
——大橙子留
上期翻译答案
while few economists expect the past year’s breakneck price increases to continue, the question is whether the trend toward at least slightly pricier goods will last.
尽管很稀有经济学家估计曩昔一年的物价飞速上涨会持续下去，但疑问是，（即便不会飞速增加，）产品价格是不是会以一种更缓慢的速度持续升高？
1.breakneck: extremely and often dangerously fast
《本期内容》
双语阅览
many people have preconceived notions about different dog breeds’ behavioralquirks.goldenretrieversare seen as playful and affectionate, and pit bulls can be viewed as hostile and aggressive. chihuahuas are labeledyappyand temperamental, whereas bulldogs are described as easygoing and sociable.
许多人对不一样品种的狗的行为古怪有先入为主的成见。我们认为金毛寻回犬是狡猾且热心的，而比特犬则是对人有歹意且进犯性强的。吉娃娃则被贴上了爱叫和喜怒无常的标签，而牛头犬被描述为豪氤、交际性强的狗。
these behavioral stereotypes areingrainedin how many view breeds, from great danes to shih tzus. “every single book about breeds tells you that selecting a breed is the most important thing to consider when you’re getting a dog.” but in a new study published on thursday in science, morrill and her colleagues show that a dog’s breed is not a good predictor of behavior. they propose that most behavioral trends in dog types predate modern breeding, which primarily altered physical appearance.
从大丹犬到西施犬，我们对狗的行为的呆板形象根深柢固。“每一本有关狗的品种的书都告诉你，养狗时最重要的一件事就是选择品种。”但周四宣告在《科学》杂志上的一项新研讨中，莫里尔和她的火伴们标明，狗的品种并不能极好地预示狗的行为。他们认为，不一样犬类的大大都行为特征要追溯到现代育种之前，现代育种首要改动的是狗的表面。
after running the survey data and sequenced dna through a battery of statistical analyses, morrill and her co-authors identified 11 genetic regions strongly associated with dog behavior, such as howling frequency and sociability with humans. but none of these behavioral regions was specific to any one of the 78 breeds exa

mined in the study. even the behavioral traits that seemed to be breed-specific, such asbiddability—how readily a dog responded to commands—were found to vary significantly among individual animals within the same breed.
在对查询数据和测序dna进行一系列计算分析后，莫里尔和她的合著者辨认出与狗行为紧密有关的11个基因区域，如嚎叫频率和与人类的交际才能。可是研讨查询规模包括的78个犬种中，这些行为基因区域没有任何一个特定归于某类犬种。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期发布~
the researchers concluded that breed explains only 9 percent of behavioral variation among different dogs. biddability and some other traits that do seem to be somewhat connected to breed are likely the remnants of ancestral breeding that primarily focused on serving functions such as hunting or herding and happened over a much longer time frame.
研讨人员的结论是，说明不一样狗的行为差异的缘由时，品种只占9%。遵守性和其他一些如同与品种有某种联络的特征很可所以祖先品种的遗传特征，它们首要会集于效能功用，如打猎或放牧，而且作用时刻跨度更长。
a dog’s sex and age turned out to be a better indicator for certain traits, such as bathroom habits or level of toy interaction, though not most of them. “people hold very strong beliefs that dog breeds are different in their behavior, but i think we have to just accept that sometimes those differences aren’t so extreme,” morrill says.
经证明，狗的性别和年纪反却是更能反应某些特征的方针，比方用厕习气或与人玩玩具互动的水平，尽管并非大都都是如此。莫里尔说：“我们有非常激烈的崇奉，认为不一样品种的狗的行为体现不一样，但我认为咱们有必要承受，有时这些差异并不是那么杰出。”
这篇文章节选自：scientific american（科学美国人）
发布时刻：2022.04.28
作者：jack tamisiea
原文标题：dogs’ personalities aren’t determined by their breed
词汇堆集
1. quirk
音标/kw??k/
n. 古怪， 新鲜的性格(或行为); (偶尔发生的)怪事，奇事; 急弯; (建筑)狭凹槽，深槽
v. (人的嘴巴或眉毛)俄然翘起，歪曲
2.yappy
音标/’j?p?/
adj.粗汉的；喜爱叫嚣的
3. ingrain
音标/?n?ɡre?n/
vt.使……根深柢固；就……材料染色；生染
n.固有质量；原纱染色；生染的纤维
adj.生染的；原纱染色的；根深柢固的
4. biddability
音标/bid?’bil?ti/
n. 依从性
词组分配
1.golden retrievers 金毛猎犬
写作句总结
many people have preconceived notions about different dog breeds’ behavioral quirks.
规划: many people have preconceived notions about ….
许多人对…有先入为主的成见
例句: many people have preconceived notions about tattoo.
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